Statistical characterization of the sea‐breeze physical mechanisms through in‐situ and satellite observations,International Journal of Climatology

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Statistical characterization of the sea‐breeze physical mechanisms through in‐situ and satellite observations
International Journal of Climatology ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 , DOI: 10.1002/joc.6606
Antoni Grau ₁ , Maria A. Jiménez ₁ , Joan Cuxart ₁

Affiliation

The physical mechanisms that take place under sea‐breeze (SB) conditions in the Palma basin (Mallorca island, western Mediterranean sea) are analysed through the inspection of data from automatic weather stations (AWS) during the period 2009–2017. Satellite‐derived land‐surface and sea‐surface temperatures (LST and SST, respectively) are used to compute the surface temperature difference (LST–SST) in the Palma basin. It is found that during daytime hourly averages for each month of this difference are always positive and maximal during summer time. A method is proposed to select the SB events using data from AWS. SB conditions are mainly reported during the warm months of the year (from April to September). Results from the statistical analysis of the selected SB events show that the morning reversal strongly depends on the speed and direction of the large‐scale winds. Besides, weak wind conditions are reported during the morning reversal and once the SB starts the cold advection from the sea counteracts the radiative heating and the 2‐m temperature levels off. The maximum surface temperature difference under SB conditions is larger than 5°C and it is often reported several hours after the morning reversal. About 2 hr later the maximum wind speed is formed, strongly influenced by the amount of soil moisture.

中文翻译：

通过实地和卫星观测对海风物理机制进行统计表征

通过检查2009-2017年期间自动气象站（AWS）的数据，分析了帕尔马盆地（地中海西部马洛卡岛）在海风（SB）条件下发生的物理机制。卫星得出的陆地和海表温度（分别为LST和SST）用于计算帕尔马盆地的地表温度差（LST–SST）。结果发现，在白天，白天的每个小时的小时平均值在夏季始终是正值并且是最大值。提出了一种使用来自AWS的数据选择SB事件的方法。SB条件主要在一年的温暖月份（从4月到9月）报告。选定的SB事件的统计分析结果表明，早晨的逆转强烈取决于大风的速度和方向。此外，据报道早晨逆转时风势较弱，一旦SB开始从海中进行冷平流，就抵消了辐射热量，并使2 m温度保持稳定。SB条件下的最大表面温差大于5°C，通常在早晨逆转数小时后报告。大约2小时后，形成最大风速，这受到土壤湿度的强烈影响。SB条件下的最大表面温差大于5°C，通常在早晨逆转数小时后报告。大约2小时后，形成最大风速，这受到土壤湿度的强烈影响。SB条件下的最大表面温差大于5°C，通常在早晨逆转数小时后报告。大约2小时后，形成最大风速，这受到土壤湿度的强烈影响。

更新日期：2020-04-23

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