Purpose

Industrial organic waste (IOW) from slaughter and processing of poultry and swine might be potential crop fertilizer. The use of IOW is known to alter the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable cations. However, its effects on soil physical properties and processes are still unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the isolated and combined application of IOW and mineral fertilizers (MF) on SOC pools, structural physical properties, water retention, and some chemical properties under long-term no-tillage system.

Materials and methods

Treatments applied during 6 years were as follows: control (no fertilizers application) and crop nutrients through MF, IOW, and MF + IOW. We evaluated SOC pools (total, permanganate (POx-C), and hot water extractable (HWE-C)), structural soil physical properties (i.e., porosity and water retention), and exchangeable cation contents at 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers.

Results and discussion

The HWE-C increased in response to IOW application in relation to the control treatment at the 0–10 cm layer. POx-C with MF was closer to IOW application. However, this SOC pool was more affected at 10–20 cm layer, in which the IOW and MF promoted increases of POx-C in relation to control. Both forms of fertilization increased total porosity and water retention and the highest values were observed for IOW. We observed a high correlation between the increases of labile SOC and the improvement of soil physical conditions. The long-term exclusive MF application induced damages on soil, such as decreases in water retention and availability of nutrients. The results of MF + IOW were closer to those of MF treatment than IOW treatment.

Conclusions

The IOW evaluated is a suitable fertilization strategy, providing soil quality. But their use must be carried out in isolation or in combinations with mineral fertilizers greater than 50% of the blend. Also, this IOW is harmless to health and hygiene due to its treatment.

中文翻译：

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施用工业有机废弃物作为农作物肥料后土壤结构和保水性得到改善

目的

屠宰和禽，猪加工产生的工业有机废物（IOW）可能是潜在的作物肥料。已知使用IOW可以改变土壤有机碳（SOC）和可交换阳离子的动力学。但是，其对土壤物理性质和过程的影响仍然未知。这项研究的目的是评估在长期免耕体系下，单独和组合使用IOW和矿物肥料（MF）对SOC池，结构物理性质，保水性和某些化学性质的影响。

材料和方法

在6年中进行的处理如下：通过MF，IOW和MF + IOW进行控制（不施肥）和作物养分。我们评估了SOC池（总量，高锰酸盐（POx-C）和热水可萃取物（HWE-C）），土壤结构的物理性质（即孔隙度和保水率）以及可交换的阳离子含量（0-10和10-20）厘米层。

结果和讨论

相对于0-10 cm层的对照处理，响应IOW施用，HWE-C升高。带有MF的POx-C更接近IOW应用程序。但是，此SOC库在10–20 cm层受到的影响更大，其中IOW和MF促进了POx-C相对于对照的增加。两种形式的施肥均增加了总孔隙度和保水率，并且IOW值最高。我们观察到不稳定SOC的增加与土壤物理条件的改善之间存在高度相关性。长期专有的MF施用会导致对土壤的破坏，例如保水量和养分利用率的降低。MF + IOW的结果比IOW治疗更接近MF治疗。

结论

评估的IOW是一种合适的施肥策略，可提供土壤质量。但是，它们的使用必须单独使用或与含量超过混合物50％的矿物肥料结合使用。而且，由于受到治疗，该IOW对健康和卫生无害。