The spatial synoptic classification (SSC) is a holistic categorical assessment of the daily weather conditions at specific locations; it is a useful tool for assessing weather effects on health. In this study, we assessed (a) the effect of hot weather types and the duration of heat events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in summer and (b) the effect of cold weather types and the duration of cold events on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in winter. A time-stratified case-crossover design combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model was carried out to investigate the association of weather types with cause-specific mortality in two southern (Skåne and Stockholm) and two northern (Jämtland and Västerbotten) locations in Sweden. During summer, in the southern locations, the Moist Tropical (MT) and Dry Tropical (DT) weather types increased cardiovascular and respiratory mortality at shorter lags; both hot weather types substantially increased respiratory mortality mainly in Skåne. The impact of heat events on mortality by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases was more important in the southern than in the northern locations at lag 0. The cumulative effect of MT, DT and heat events lagged over 14 days was particularly high for respiratory mortality in all locations except in Jämtland, though these did not show a clear effect on cardiovascular mortality. During winter, the dry polar and moist polar weather types and cold events showed a negligible effect on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality. This study provides valuable information about the relationship between hot oppressive weather types with cause-specific mortality; however, the cold weather types may not capture sufficiently effects on cause-specific mortality in this sub-Arctic region.

中文翻译：

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基于瑞典空间天气分类和特定原因死亡率的冷热天气：时间分层病例交叉研究

空间天气分类（SSC）是对特定地点每日天气状况的整体分类评估；它是评估天气对健康影响的有用工具。在这项研究中，我们评估了（a）夏季炎热天气类型和炎热事件持续时间对心血管和呼吸系统死亡率的影响，以及（b）夏季寒冷天气类型和寒冷事件持续时间对心血管和呼吸系统死亡率的影响。冬天。采用时间分层案例交叉设计与分布式滞后非线性模型相结合，研究了瑞典南部两个地区（斯科讷和斯德哥尔摩）和北部两个地区（耶姆特兰和西博滕）天气类型与特定原因死亡率之间的关联。夏季，在南部地区，湿热带 (MT) 和干热带 (DT) 天气类型在较短的滞后时间内增加了心血管和呼吸系统死亡率；这两种炎热天气都显着增加了主要在斯科讷省的呼吸道死亡率。在滞后 0 时，炎热事件对心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的影响在南部地区比北部地区更为重要。MT、DT 和滞后 14 天以上的炎热事件的累积效应对于所有地点的呼吸道疾病死亡率尤其高除耶姆特兰外，尽管这些并未显示出对心血管死亡率的明显影响。冬季，干燥的极地和潮湿的极地天气类型以及寒冷事件对心血管和呼吸系统死亡率的影响可以忽略不计。这项研究提供了有关炎热压抑天气类型与特定原因死亡率之间关系的宝贵信息；然而，寒冷天气类型可能无法充分捕捉到该亚北极地区特定原因死亡率的影响。