Platinum-based antineoplastic drugs (PBADs) enter the environment via hospital and municipal wastes as reactive and highly toxic molecules. Chlorella vulgaris is a freshwater microalgae and is used as an excellent aquatic model for toxicity assessment. In the present study, the toxicity of PBADs to C. vulgaris was investigated for better understanding of PBADs environmental toxicity. The algae were cultured in Bold´s Basal Medium (BBM) and exposed to different concentrations of PBADs for 48, 72 and 96 h. Then, cell proliferation, the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) release and antioxidant potential were determined. IC50 s of cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin for 96 h of exposure were 106.2, 124.3 and 153.9 mg/L respectively. Cell proliferation, synthesis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and algal protein content significantly decreased in a time and dose-dependent manner. The release of MDA to culture media significantly increased and antioxidant potential decreased. Cisplatin showed more toxic effects on C. vulgaris compared to carboplatin and oxaliplatin indicating its severe toxicity for marine organisms. PBADs induce their toxic effects in algal cells via the interaction with DNA, production of free radicals (such as reactive oxygen species), lipid peroxidation and cell wall damages. Due to these toxic effects of PBADs for various environmental organisms, there must be severe restriction on their release into the environment.

中文翻译：

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评估铂基抗肿瘤药（顺铂，卡铂和奥沙利铂）对绿藻小球藻的毒性作用。

铂基抗肿瘤药（PBAD）通过医院和市政废物作为反应性和剧毒分子进入环境。小球藻是一种淡水微藻，被用作毒性评估的优良水生模型。在本研究中，为了更好地了解PBADs对环境的毒性，对PBADs对寻常念珠菌的毒性进行了研究。藻类在Bold´s基础培养基（BBM）中培养，并暴露于不同浓度的PBAD中48、72和96 h。然后，测定细胞增殖，光合色素的合成，蛋白质含量，丙二醛（MDA）的释放和抗氧化能力。暴露96 h的顺铂，卡铂和奥沙利铂的IC50分别为106.2、124.3和153.9 mg / L。细胞增殖，合成叶绿素a，叶绿素b和藻蛋白含量以时间和剂量依赖性方式显着降低。MDA向培养基的释放显着增加，抗氧化能力下降。与卡铂和奥沙利铂相比，顺铂对寻常梭菌显示出更大的毒性作用，表明其对海洋生物具有严重的毒性。PBAD通过与DNA相互作用，产生自由基（例如活性氧），脂质过氧化和细胞壁破坏，在藻类细胞中诱导其毒性作用。由于PBAD对各种环境生物的这些毒性作用，因此必须严格限制其向环境中的释放。与卡铂和奥沙利铂相比，顺铂对寻常梭菌显示出更大的毒性作用，表明其对海洋生物具有严重的毒性。PBAD通过与DNA相互作用，产生自由基（例如活性氧），脂质过氧化和细胞壁破坏，在藻类细胞中诱导其毒性作用。由于PBAD对各种环境生物的这些毒性作用，因此必须严格限制其向环境中的释放。与卡铂和奥沙利铂相比，顺铂对寻常梭菌显示出更大的毒性作用，表明其对海洋生物具有严重的毒性。PBAD通过与DNA相互作用，产生自由基（例如活性氧），脂质过氧化和细胞壁破坏，在藻类细胞中诱导其毒性作用。由于PBAD对各种环境生物的这些毒性作用，因此必须严格限制其向环境中的释放。