Tobacco streak virus incidence in the cotton field, cv.CO14 at Department of Cotton, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, India was nearly 36.50 %. Cotton plants infected with TSV exhibits different types of symptoms, including necrotic spots, lesions, mosaic, purplish necrotic rings, square drying, veinal necrosis and drying of terminal shoots. The highly prevalent thrips species in this cotton ecosystem was established as Thrips palmi (60.00 %) by morphological (ESEM) and molecular methods (RT-PCR using mtCOI primers). The density of the alternate weed host, Parthenium hysterophorus, was 15.05 plants per m2 in these fields. Association of Thrips palmi with Parthenium was confirmed, when observed under environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), Parthenium pollen grains (i.e., average size @ 15000X =12.94 μm) were found adhering to its body. Molecular studies through RT-PCR confirmed the presence of TSV in the leaves and pollen grains of symptomatic and symptom-free Parthenium plants collected from the cotton field (cv. CO14). Therefore, the combined role of Thrips palmi and the Parthenium pollen grains in the transmission of TSV was examined; acquiring of TSV and its presence in the body of Thrips palmi instars and adults after 72 h of AAP was convincingly demonstrated using RT-PCR, NASH and qPCR. However virus acquired thrips could not transmit the virus. Pollen from TSV infected Parthenium plants when dusted on cotton (ANKUR 2110) seedlings along with virus acquired or non-acquired thrips led to symptom development 22 days after sowing. From the study it is evident that thrips only facilitate the movement of TSV borne pollen grains, and thereby contributing to active spread of the virus.

中文翻译：

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棕榈蓟马和 Parthenium hysterophorus 花粉在烟草生态系统中烟草条纹病毒活跃传播中的作用。

印度哥印拜陀泰米尔纳德邦农业大学 (TNAU) 棉花系 cv.CO14 棉田中烟草条纹病毒的发生率接近 36.50%。感染 TSV 的棉花植株表现出不同类型的症状，包括坏死斑、病斑、花叶、紫色坏死环、方形干燥、脉管坏死和末端芽干燥。通过形态学 (ESEM) 和分子方法（使用 mtCOI 引物的 RT-PCR），棉花生态系统中高度流行的蓟马物种被确定为棕榈蓟马 (60.00%)。在这些田地中，替代杂草寄主 Parthenium hysterophorus 的密度为每平方米 15.05 株。当在环境扫描电子显微镜 (ESEM) 下观察时，棕榈蓟马与 Parthenium 的关联得到证实，Parthenium 花粉粒（即平均尺寸 @ 15000X = 12. 94 μm) 被发现粘附在它的身体上。通过 RT-PCR 进行的分子研究证实了 TSV 存在于从棉田 (cv. CO14) 收集的有症状和无症状的 Parthenium 植物的叶子和花粉粒中。因此，研究了棕榈蓟马和 Parthenium 花粉粒在 TSV 传播中的联合作用；使用 RT-PCR、NASH 和 qPCR 令人信服地证明了在 AAP 72 小时后获得 TSV 及其在棕榈蓟马和成虫体内的存在。然而，病毒获得性蓟马不能传播病毒。来自 TSV 的花粉在棉花 (ANKUR 2110) 幼苗上撒粉时感染了 Parthenium 植物，并与病毒获得性或非获得性蓟马一起导致播种后 22 天出现症状。从研究中可以看出，蓟马只会促进 TSV 传播的花粉粒的移动，