In 1956, a diagnostic tool using the forced oscillation technique (FOT) was developed to examine respiratory functions. A modification of this method is impulse oscillometry (IOS). In the latter, a loudspeaker delivers to the respiratory system a regular, square pressure wave at a constant frequency from which all other individual frequencies are derived using spectral analysis. The usefulness of IOS has been examined in relation to COPD, asthma, interstitial lung diseases, obstructive sleep apnea, and other conditions. The greatest advantage, most notable in children, is the ability to monitor the course of a disease and to assess the response to therapy in a simple way, i.e., minimal requirements for the cooperation of the patient, rapid and reproducible measurements. The IOS shows similar or even higher sensitivity than spirometry in detecting small airways dysfunction (SAD). The most well-known result observed in peripheral airways disease (PAD) is the frequency dependence of resistance. Importantly, the abnormal resistance at a specific frequency may occur with normal spirometry in those with early PAD. Moreover, IOS is particularly useful if the patient cannot perform effort dependent exhalation. Despite its advantages, the technique is still poorly found in official worldwide recommendations. Nonetheless, considering the promising results of many studies, an increase in interest in IOS is expected, and it could soon be on par with standard pulmonary function tests. The aim of this work is to present the basics, current views, and various aspects of IOS. To carry out our analysis, we searched for relevant publications on PubMed, Web of Science. Original and review articles were selected and discussed.

1956年，开发了一种使用强制振荡技术（FOT）的诊断工具来检查呼吸功能。该方法的一种改进是脉冲示波法（IOS）。在后者中，扬声器以恒定频率向呼吸系统传递规则的方波压力波，使用频谱分析从中得出所有其他单个频率。已对与COPD，哮喘，间质性肺病，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和其他疾病有关的IOS的有效性进行了检查。在儿童中最显着的最大优势是能够以简单的方式（即对患者合作的最低要求，快速且可重复的测量）来监控疾病的进程并评估对治疗的反应。在检测小气道功能障碍（SAD）方面，IOS的灵敏度比肺活量测定法更高甚至更高。在周围呼吸道疾病（PAD）中观察到的最著名的结果是抵抗力的频率依赖性。重要的是，在早期PAD患者中，正常肺活量测定法可能会出现特定频率的异常抵抗力。此外，如果患者无法进行依赖于努力的呼气，IOS尤其有用。尽管有其优点，但该技术在全球范围内的官方推荐中仍然很少发现。尽管如此，考虑到许多研究的有希望的结果，人们对IOS的兴趣预计会增加，并且可能很快会与标准的肺功能检查相提并论。这项工作的目的是介绍IOS的基础知识，当前观点以及各个方面。为了进行分析，我们在Web of Science的PubMed上搜索了相关出版物。选择并讨论了原始文章和评论文章。