Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition that affects calcium metabolism due to parathyroid hormone (PTH) hypersecretion leading to hypercalcemia. Manifestations have changed over time, from a symptomatic disease with bone pain, fractures, nephrolithiasis, and muscle weakness, to a condition that is mainly asymptomatic (80–90%). Typical symptoms and signs occur in the bones and kidneys and atypical manifestations are cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric and cognitive, neuromuscular, rheumatological, and gastrointestinal. Diagnosis occurs, in most cases, in asymptomatic patients by a routine calcium measurement with corrected high total calcium associated with high or inappropriately abnormal PTH. If indicated, a search for the location of the involved parathyroid gland should be performed with ultrasound, scintigraphy, or 4D CT. Parathyroidectomy is the gold standard treatment. If surgery cannot be performed, clinical management is indicated. Surgical indications are osteoporosis, hypercalciuria, spine fractures, age <50 years, calcemic values above 1.0 mg/dL threshold value, creatinine clearance ≤60 mL/min, and nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis.

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（PHPT）是一种由于甲状旁腺激素（PTH）过度分泌导致高钙血症而影响钙代谢的疾病。随着时间的推移，表现形式已发生变化，从出现骨痛，骨折，肾结石和肌肉无力的症状性疾病到主要是无症状的疾病（80-90％）。典型的症状和体征出现在骨骼和肾脏中，非典型表现是心血管，神经精神病学和认知，神经肌肉，风湿病和胃肠道疾病。在大多数情况下，无症状患者可通过常规钙测量，校正后的高总钙与高水平或不适当地异常的PTH进行常规钙测量。如果有指示，应通过超声，闪烁显像或4D CT对受累甲状旁腺的位置进行搜索。甲状旁腺切除术是金标准治疗。如果无法进行手术，则需要临床治疗。手术适应症包括骨质疏松症，高钙尿症，脊柱骨折，年龄<50岁，血钙值高于1.0 mg / dL阈值，肌酐清除率≤60mL / min，以及肾结石或肾钙化。