New Zealand has led the world in restoration of marine fisheries since the introduction of the Quota Management System in 1986, but challenges remain in minimizing the ecosystem‐level effects of industrialized fishing. We analysed existing long‐term fisheries data sets from 1931 to 2015 in New Zealand to resolve trends in important ecological properties of major exploited fish communities. Increases in community dissimilarities of catch composition in 1931 and 1972, followed by increasing total landings, highlight major expansions of fishing grounds and exploited species during these periods. Mirroring global patterns, the remarkable rise in fishing power, demand and generation of new markets in New Zealand have all contributed to this expansion. Marine Trophic Indices (MTIs) of landings have decreased together with total catch after the year 2000, reflecting smaller catches with a higher composition of lower trophic‐level species in recent years. Differences in relative abundance of species estimated between fisheries‐dependent and fisheries‐independent data were observed, where high‐value species displayed better agreement in relative abundance between data sets. Despite being under a Quota Management System, temporal development of MTI values relative to the timing of industrial expansion of fisheries was remarkably similar to those observed in the North Sea and Brazil, with a single expansion and decline. MTI values presented better long‐term stability in the US fisheries analysed. Analysis of long‐term data and the development of well‐resolved ecological baselines will be the first step towards applying EBM to New Zealand fisheries, in keeping with global trends in fisheries management.

中文翻译：

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新西兰海洋渔业营养结构的转变：对指导有效的基于生态系统管理的启示

自1986年引入配额管理系统以来，新西兰在海洋渔业的恢复方面一直处于世界领先地位，但是在最大限度地减少工业化捕捞对生态系统的影响方面仍然存在挑战。我们分析了1931年至2015年新西兰现有的长期渔业数据集，以解决主要被捕捞鱼类群落重要生态特性的趋势。在1931年和1972年，社区渔获物组成的不相似性增加，接着是总着陆量增加，这突出说明了在此期间渔场和被开发物种的大规模扩张。反映全球格局，新西兰捕捞能力的显着增长，需求和新市场的产生都为这一扩张做出了贡献。2000年以后，登陆的海洋营养指数（MTIs）下降，总捕获量下降，反映了近年来捕获量较小，营养级别较低的物种组成较高。观测到的依赖渔业的数据和依赖渔业的数据之间物种相对丰富度的差异被观察到，其中高价值物种在数据集之间的相对丰度方面显示出更好的一致性。尽管在配额管理系统下，但MTI值相对于渔业产业扩张时机的时间发展与北海和巴西的情况显着相似，只是一次扩张和下降。在分析的美国渔业中，MTI值显示出更好的长期稳定性。与全球渔业管理趋势保持一致，对长期数据进行分析并制定出良好解决的生态基线将是将EBM应用于新西兰渔业的第一步。