OBJECTIVES This study evaluated chronological changes in physiological stress and levels of habitual loading of Ibizan populations from the Late Roman-Early Byzantine (LREB) to the Islamic period (300-1,235 AD) using measures of body size and bone cross-sectional properties to compare Urban LREB, Urban Medieval Islamic, and Rural Medieval Islamic groups. It also explored the effect of diet, modeled using stable isotopes, on physiological stress levels and behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample comprised individuals from three archeological populations: Urban Late Roman- Early Byzantine (LREB) (300-700 AD), Medieval Urban Islamic (902-1,235 AD), and Medieval Rural Islamic. Bone lengths, femoral head dimensions, and cross-sectional properties, diaphyseal products and circumferences, were compared to assess differences in body size and habitual loading in 222 adult individuals. Ordinary least squares regression evaluated the correlations between these measures and carbon (δ13 C) and nitrogen (δ15 N) stable isotope ratios in 115 individuals for whom both isotope values and osteological measures are available. RESULTS The Medieval Rural Islamic group had shorter stature and reduced lower limb cross-sectional properties compared to the two urban groups. Limb shape differs between Urban LREB and Urban Medieval Islamic groups. Measures of body size length were positively correlated with δ13 C values in all individuals and separately in the Urban LREB and Rural Medieval Islamic groups. δ15 N showed a positive correlation with left humerus shape in the Urban LREB sample. CONCLUSIONS The low stature and cross-sectional properties of the Medieval Rural Islamic group may be an indicator of greater physiological stress, potentially due to poorer diet. Positive correlations between measures of body size and δ13 C values further suggest that greater access to C4 resources improved diet quality. Alternatively, this relationship could indicate greater body size among migrants from areas where individuals consumed more C4 resources.

中文翻译：

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饮食和社会政治变化对来自西班牙伊维萨岛的罗马早期拜占庭（300-700 AD）和伊斯兰教（902-1235 AD）人群的生理压力和行为的影响。

目的本研究评估了从罗马晚期拜占庭晚期（LREB）到伊斯兰时期（公元300-1235年）伊比桑种群的生理压力和惯性负荷水平的时间变化，并通过比较体形和骨骼横截面特性来进行比较市区LREB，市区中世纪的伊斯兰教徒和乡村中世纪的伊斯兰教徒团体。它还探讨了使用稳定同位素建模的饮食对生理应激水平和行为的影响。材料和方法样本包括来自三个考古种群的个体：罗马晚期-拜占庭晚期（LREB）（300-700 AD），中世纪城市伊斯兰（902-1235 AD）和中世纪农村伊斯兰。骨长，股骨头尺寸和横截面特性，骨干积和周长，比较了222名成年个体的体重和习惯负荷差异。普通最小二乘回归法评估了115位具有同位素值和骨科学指标的个体中这些指标与碳（δ13C）和氮（δ15N）稳定同位素比率之间的相关性。结果与两个城市组相比，中世纪农村伊斯兰组的身材矮小，下肢横断面特性降低。市区LREB和市区中世纪伊斯兰教徒的肢体形状有所不同。个体身长的测量值与所有个体中的δ13C值呈正相关，在城市LREB和农村中世纪伊斯兰群体中分别为。Urban LREB样本中的δ15N与左肱骨形状呈正相关。结论中世纪乡村伊斯兰群体的低矮的身材和横断面特性可能是生理压力增加的指示，这可能是由于饮食不佳所致。体重与δ13C值之间的正相关关系进一步表明，更多地利用C4资源可改善饮食质量。另外，这种关系可能表明来自个人消费更多C4资源的地区的移民中的体型更大。