Introduction: The clinical manifestations of cutaneous adverse drug reactions are variable with different severity. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) majorly caused by drugs and mediated by cytotoxic T cells.Areas covered: In this review, we focus on risk factors that contribute to the development of SJS/TEN and review the updated immune mechanism, preventive strategies as well as current therapeutic approaches for SJS/TEN.Expert opinion: The progress of SJS/TEN researches reveals that cytotoxic T cells majorly activated by drug interacted with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and T cell receptors play an important role for the immune mechanism of SJS/TEN. Several clinical assessment tools and in vitro drug-T cells activation tests have been developed to identify the causality of SJS/TEN. New therapeutic approaches and biologics such as TNF-alpha antagonist have been conducted to improve the prognosis of SJS/TEN.

中文翻译：

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Stevens-Johnson 综合征和中毒性表皮坏死松解症：风险因素、因果关系评估和潜在的预防策略。

简介：皮肤药物不良反应的临床表现因严重程度不同而异。史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征 (SJS) 和中毒性表皮坏死松解症 (TEN) 是主要由药物引起并由细胞毒性 T 细胞介导的危及生命的严重皮肤不良反应 (SCAR)。对 SJS/TEN 的发展，并回顾 SJS/TEN 的最新免疫机制、预防策略以及当前的治疗方法。 专家意见：SJS/TEN 研究进展表明主要由药物激活的细胞毒性 T 细胞与人体相互作用白细胞抗原 (HLA) 和 T 细胞受体在 SJS/TEN 的免疫机制中起重要作用。已经开发了几种临床评估工具和体外药物-T 细胞活化测试来确定 SJS/TEN 的因果关系。已经进行了新的治疗方法和生物制剂，例如 TNF-α 拮抗剂，以改善 SJS/TEN 的预后。