Abstract As the use of the new insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) increases, wastewaters, runoff and groundwater containing NTO will be generated. Little is known about the fate of NTO during biological wastewater treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the ability of wastewater sludges to promote the biotransformation of NTO. Three different sludges, i.e., anaerobic granular sludge, anaerobic digested sludge, and return activated sludge, were used to study the biotransformation of NTO under anaerobic conditions. Three different electron donor amendments were compared- hydrogen, ethanol, and acetate. Mixed microbial communities in each of the three sludge sources were effective in the reductive biotransformation of NTO. 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO) was observed as the major product of NTO biotransformation. The highest maximum specific rate of NTO reduction, about 120 mg NTO/g volatile suspended solids/d, was observed in anaerobic granular sludge with hydrogen or ethanol supplied as electron donors. NTO biotransformation to ATO by anaerobic digested sludge was also studied under denitrifying conditions. In this case, reduction of NTO started only after complete denitrification of added nitrate. An important implication of this paper is that sludge from wastewater treatment plants can rapidly and readily reduce NTO to ATO. Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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通过废水污泥快速生物转化不敏感弹药化合物 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO)

摘要 随着新型非敏感弹药化合物3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-one (NTO) 的使用增加，将产生含有NTO 的废水、径流和地下水。关于废水生物处理过程中 NTO 的归宿知之甚少。本研究的目的是探索废水污泥促进 NTO 生物转化的能力。三种不同的污泥，即厌氧颗粒污泥、厌氧消化污泥和回流活性污泥，被用来研究厌氧条件下NTO 的生物转化。比较了三种不同的电子供体修正物——氢气、乙醇和醋酸盐。三种污泥源中的每一种中的混合微生物群落对 NTO 的还原生物转化都是有效的。3-氨基-1,2, 观察到 4-triazol-5-one (ATO) 是 NTO 生物转化的主要产物。在以氢气或乙醇作为电子供体的厌氧颗粒污泥中观察到 NTO 还原的最高最大比速率，约为 120 mg NTO/g 挥发性悬浮固体/d。还研究了在反硝化条件下通过厌氧消化污泥将 NTO 生物转化为 ATO。在这种情况下，NTO 的还原仅在添加的硝酸盐完全反硝化后才开始。本文的一个重要意义是来自污水处理厂的污泥可以快速、轻松地将 NTO 还原为 ATO。图形摘要 还研究了在反硝化条件下通过厌氧消化污泥将 NTO 生物转化为 ATO。在这种情况下，NTO 的还原仅在添加的硝酸盐完全反硝化后才开始。本文的一个重要意义是来自污水处理厂的污泥可以快速、轻松地将 NTO 还原为 ATO。图形摘要 还研究了在反硝化条件下通过厌氧消化污泥将 NTO 生物转化为 ATO。在这种情况下，NTO 的还原仅在添加的硝酸盐完全反硝化后才开始。本文的一个重要意义是来自污水处理厂的污泥可以快速、轻松地将 NTO 还原为 ATO。图形摘要