The aim of this research was to study the effects of different concentrations of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) on the growth and key virulence factors of Candida albicans (C. albicans). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MgO NPs against C. albicans was determined by the micro-broth dilution method. A time-kill curve of MgO NPs and C. albicans was established to investigate the ageing effect of MgO NPs on C. albicans. Crystal violet staining, the MTT assay, and inverted fluorescence microscopy were employed to determine the effects of MgO NPs on C. albicans adhesion, two-phase morphological transformation, biofilm biomass, and metabolic activity. The time-kill curve showed that MgO NPs had fungicidal and antifungal activity against C. albicans in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Semi-quantitative crystal violet staining and MTT assays showed that MgO NPs significantly inhibited C. albicans biofilm formation and metabolic activity, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Inverted fluorescence microscopy showed that MgO NPs could inhibit the formation of C. albicans biofilm hyphae. Adhesion experiments showed that MgO NPs significantly inhibited the initial adhesion of C. albicans (p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that MgO NPs can effectively inhibit the growth, initial adhesion, two-phase morphological transformation, and biofilm formation of C. albicans and is an antifungal candidate.

中文翻译：

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氧化镁纳米粒子的抗真菌活性：对白色念珠菌的生长和关键毒力因子的影响。

这项研究的目的是研究不同浓度的氧化镁纳米颗粒（MgO NPs）对白色念珠菌（C. albicans）的生长和关键毒力因子的影响。MgO NPs对白色念珠菌的最小抑制浓度（MIC）通过微肉汤稀释法确定。建立了MgO NPs和白色念珠菌的时间杀灭曲线，以研究MgO NPs对白色念珠菌的衰老作用。结晶紫染色，MTT分析和倒置荧光显微镜用于确定MgO NPs对白色念珠菌粘附，两相形态转化，生物膜生物量和代谢活性的影响。时间杀伤曲线表明，MgO NPs具有对时间和浓度的依赖性，对白色念珠菌具有杀真菌和抗真菌活性。半定量结晶紫染色和MTT分析表明，MgO NPs显着抑制白色念珠菌生物膜形成和代谢活性，差异具有统计学意义（p <0.001）。倒置荧光显微镜显示，MgO NPs可以抑制白色念珠菌生物膜菌丝的形成。粘附实验表明，MgO NPs显着抑制了白色念珠菌的初始粘附（p <0.001）。这项研究表明，MgO NPs可以有效抑制白色念珠菌的生长，初始粘附，两相形态转化和生物膜形成，并且是抗真菌药物。倒置荧光显微镜显示，MgO NPs可以抑制白色念珠菌生物膜菌丝的形成。粘附实验表明，MgO NPs显着抑制了白色念珠菌的初始粘附（p <0.001）。这项研究表明，MgO NPs可以有效抑制白色念珠菌的生长，初始粘附，两相形态转化和生物膜形成，并且是抗真菌药物。倒置荧光显微镜显示，MgO NPs可以抑制白色念珠菌生物膜菌丝的形成。粘附实验表明，MgO NPs显着抑制了白色念珠菌的初始粘附（p <0.001）。这项研究表明，MgO NPs可以有效抑制白色念珠菌的生长，初始粘附，两相形态转化和生物膜形成，并且是抗真菌药物。