Despite the efforts of the modelling community to improve the representation of the sea surface temperature (SST) over the South Eastern Tropical Atlantic, warm biases still persist. In this work we use four different configurations of the fully-coupled AWI Climate Model (AWI-CM) which allow us to gain physics-based insight into the role of the oceanic and atmospheric resolutions of the model in the regional distribution of the SST. Our results show that a sole refinement of the oceanic resolution reduces warm biases further than a single increase of the atmospheric component. An increased oceanic resolution is required (i) to simulate properly the Agulhas Current and its associated rings; (ii) to reinforce the northward-flowing Benguela Current and (iii) to intensify coastal upwelling. The best results are obtained when both resolutions are refined. However, even in that case, warm biases persist, reflecting that some processes and feedbacks are still not optimally resolved. Our results indicate that overheating is not due to insufficient upwelling, but rather due to upwelling of waters which are warmer than observations as a result of an erroneous representation of the vertical distribution of temperature. Errors in the representation of the vertical temperature profile are the consequence of a warm bias in the simulated climate state.

尽管建模界做出了努力，以改善东南热带大西洋上海表温度（SST）的表示，但温暖的偏见仍然存在。在这项工作中，我们使用完全耦合的AWI气候模型（AWI-CM）的四种不同配置，这使我们能够获得基于物理学的洞察力，以了解该模型的海洋和大气分辨率在SST区域分布中的作用。我们的研究结果表明，与单独增加大气成分相比，对海洋分辨率的唯一改善进一步降低了暖流偏差。需要提高海洋分辨率（i）正确模拟Agulhas洋流及其相关环；（ii）加强向北流动的Benguela Current，以及（iii）加强沿海上升流。两种分辨率都提高时，可获得最佳结果。但是，即使在那种情况下，热偏差仍然存在，反映出某些过程和反馈仍未得到最佳解决。我们的结果表明，过热的原因不是上升流不足，而是由于温度垂直分布的错误表示导致比观测温度高的水上升流。垂直温度曲线表示中的误差是模拟气候状态下暖偏的结果。而是由于错误地表示了温度的垂直分布，使水流比观测值温暖。垂直温度曲线表示中的误差是模拟气候状态下暖偏的结果。而是由于错误地表示了温度的垂直分布，使水流比观测值温暖。垂直温度曲线表示中的误差是模拟气候状态下暖偏的结果。