A number of industries currently produce many tons of agroindustrial wastes with significant consequences on the environment and human and animal health. In recent years, increasing emphasis has been placed on reducing this negative impact. This review article aims to investigate the use of pretreatment methods that can be applied as an alternative to the usage of residual biomass. In addition, we seek to highlight the efficiency of the processes as well as possible weaknesses, which are associated with high energy and reagent consumption, low yields, and possible secondary impacts. Generally, the waste chemical composition consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin; these can be fractionated, extracted, and purified to produce different value-added products, such as biofuels, organic acids, enzymes, biopolymers, and chemical additives. Despite the multiple possibilities to produce different products from lignocellulosic biomass, further research is still required to enhance the efficiency of the methods used nowadays and find new procedures.

Flowchart of pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic residues and some of the possible groups of products obtained with their processing.

当前，许多工业产生大量的农业工业废料，对环境以及人类和动物健康产生重大影响。近年来，人们越来越重视减少这种负面影响。这篇综述文章旨在研究预处理方法的使用，该方法可替代残留生物质的使用。此外，我们力求突出过程的效率以及可能的弱点，这些弱点与高能量和试剂消耗，低收率以及可能的次要影响有关。通常，废物的化学成分主要由纤维素，半纤维素和木质素组成。可以对它们进行分馏，提取和纯化，以生产不同的增值产品，例如生物燃料，有机酸，酶，生物聚合物，和化学添加剂。尽管从木质纤维素生物质生产不同产品的可能性多种多样，但仍需要进一步研究以提高当今所用方法的效率并寻找新的方法。

木质纤维素残留物的预处理方法流程图以及通过加工获得的一些可能的产品组。