Background: Patient participation in treatment and care is often encouraged and is desirable because of its proven positive impact on treatment, quality of care and patient safety. Aims: To develop an instrument to measure patient participation in health care and to investigate the measurement properties of the Patient Participation Questionnaire (PPQ). Methods: A literature review was conducted to develop a model of patient participation. The PPQ was constructed consisting of 17 items organized into four subscales. Psychometric evaluation of factor structure, convergent construct validity by hypothesis testing and analyses of internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha were performed on data from a hospitalised mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer (N=378 patients). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis did not show a clear model fit, which is why an exploratory factor analysis was performed, suggesting a different four subscale structure consisting of a total of 16 items. The four subscales were labelled Shared decision power, Adapted and individualized knowledge, Collaboration and Human approach. There were strong ceiling effects on all items. Analysis of convergent construct validity showed a moderate correlation (0.59) between the PPQ and another instrument measuring patient participation. Internal consistency for the total PPQ score was high: 0.89. Conclusion: In a mixed group of patients with cardiac disease, pulmonary disease and cancer, the PPQ showed promising psychometric properties in terms of factor structure, convergent construct validity and internal consistency. The PPQ may be used to shed light on the experience of patient participation and guide quality improvements.

中文翻译：

---

测量患者参与医疗保健的问卷：量表开发和心理测量评估

背景：患者参与治疗和护理通常受到鼓励并且是可取的，因为它已被证明对治疗、护理质量和患者安全产生积极影响。目的：开发一种测量患者参与医疗保健的工具，并研究患者参与问卷 (PPQ) 的测量特性。方法：进行文献回顾以建立患者参与模型。PPQ 由 17 个项目组成，分为四个分量表。对来自心脏病、肺病和癌症的住院患者混合组（N=378 患者）的数据进行了因子结构的心理测量评估、假设检验的收敛结构有效性和使用 Cronbach α 的内部一致性分析。结果：验证性因子分析没有显示出清晰的模型拟合，这就是为什么进行探索性因子分析的原因，表明不同的四个子量表结构由总共 16 个项目组成。四个分量表被标记为共享决策权、适应和个性化的知识、协作和人的方法。所有项目都有强烈的天花板效应。聚合结构效度分析显示，PPQ 与另一种测量患者参与的工具之间存在中等相关性（0.59）。PPQ 总分的内部一致性很高：0.89。结论：在心脏病、肺病和癌症患者的混合组中，PPQ 在因子结构、聚合结构效度和内部一致性方面显示出有前景的心理测量学特性。