Abstract The competitiveness of European coal tar distillation plants could be improved by the revaluation of coal-derived liquids and rejects such as phenolic oils, which currently lack high-end applications. In this study, carbon gels were successfully prepared for the first time from phenolic oil by base-catalysed sol-gel polymerisation, by taking advantage of all the major components of phenolic oil rather than the pure, single-component phenolic precursors that are normally used in sol-gel routes. To increase the feasibility of industrial applications, the organic gels were dried under subcritical conditions and the resultant xerogels were submitted to carbonisation and chemical activation in a one-step process, using different KOH to organic gel mass ratios. The resultant ACs were applied as supercapacitor electrodes and attained higher electrochemical performances than carbon gels previously obtained from classic precursors: high capacitance retention up to 74.9% at 12 A g−1, energy and power densities up to 7.37 W h kg−1 and 5.70 kW h kg−1, respectively, high cycling stabilities up to 94.8% after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles, high rate capability of 66% under 1 V s−1 scan rate, and fast frequency response of 0.45 s.

中文翻译：

---

酚油衍生的活性炭干凝胶：基本催化合成和电化学性能

摘要 欧洲煤焦油蒸馏厂的竞争力可以通过对目前缺乏高端应用的煤衍生液体和酚类油等废渣进行重估来提高。在这项研究中，利用酚油的所有主要成分，而不是通常使用的纯单成分酚前体，通过碱催化溶胶-凝胶聚合，首次从酚油中成功制备了碳凝胶。在溶胶-凝胶路线中。为了提高工业应用的可行性，有机凝胶在亚临界条件下干燥，所得干凝胶在一步过程中进行碳化和化学活化，使用不同的 KOH 与有机凝胶的质量比。