This paper sheds light on the state of our knowledge of relationships between plant diversity and tropical forests ecosystem services. We systematically reviewed the empirical evidence of relationships between three ecosystem services: carbon stock and sequestration, timber provisioning and non-timber forest product (NTFP) provisioning, and three dimensions of plant diversity: taxonomic, functional and structural. We carried out meta-analyses to assess their validity across spatial scales and plot sizes. We found that indicators of all three dimensions of plant diversity have reported relationships with at least two of the studied ecosystem services, but there has been limited and inconsistent use of plant diversity indicators and little attention for relationships with timber and NTFP services. Nevertheless, we found that tree species richness showed robust significant positive correlations with carbon stock across the tropics, and that the geographical extent of the study area had a significant negative effect on the strength of this relationship, where the strength of the relationship decreased with increasing geographical extent. This paper reveals a knowledge gap for services other than carbon stock and shows that at local to regional spatial scales, synergies can be achieved between policies focused on biodiversity conservation and maintenance of carbon stocks.

本文阐明了我们对植物多样性与热带森林生态系统服务之间的关系的了解。我们系统地审查了以下三种生态系统服务之间关系的实证证据：碳储量和碳固存，木材供应和非木材森林产品（NTFP）供应以及植物多样性的三个方面：分类学，功能和结构。我们进行了荟萃分析，以评估其在空间尺度和地块大小上的有效性。我们发现，植物多样性所有三个维度的指标都已报告与至少两个研究的生态系统服务之间的关系，但是植物多样性指标的使用有限且不一致，对与木材和NTFP服务之间关系的关注很少。不过，我们发现，树木物种丰富度与整个热带地区的碳储量都显示出显着的正相关，并且研究区域的地理范围对该关系的强度具有显着的负面影响，其中关系的强度随着地理范围的增加而降低。本文揭示了除碳库以外的服务方面的知识差距，并表明，在地方到区域的空间尺度上，可以在注重生物多样性保护和碳库的政策之间实现协同增效。