Background

Many biologically active and functional components are chemically unstable, and exhibit variable water/oil solubility, which reduce their bioavailability and efficacy. Therefore, the development and application of edible emulsion-based delivery systems for these compounds using food-grade materials would be extremely beneficial to the food industry. Recently, particle-stabilized emulsions (i.e., Pickering emulsions) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community owing to their surfactant-free character.

Scope and approach

This Review summarizes the recent applications of Pickering emulsions stabilized by food-grade particles for the encapsulation and delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactives. Firstly, the beneficial features of Pickering emulsions and their potential use for targeted delivery of bioactives are discussed. Next, different designs of Pickering emulsion-based delivery system (PEDS) and their performance in bioactives delivery are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities for future research are addressed.

Key findings and conclusions

Particles derived from proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids have received considerable research interest owing to their intrinsic biochemical properties that enable the development of PEDS that can improve the stability and delivery of bioactives. Different types of PEDS (i.e., O/W or W/O single emulsions, O/W/O or W/O/W double emulsions, emulgel, high internal phase emulsion, and microcapsules) have been developed and studied as versatile tools for encapsulation of both lipophilic and hydrophilic bioactives. Future research should focus on the elucidation of the release mechanism of bioactives from PEDS and the evaluation of the compatibility of PEDS with real food systems, as well as the efficacy and safety of PEDS using in vivo model. Development of PEDS in non-liquid state should also be a focus for future research in order to bridge the gap between lab and market.

中文翻译：

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食品级采摘乳剂，用于生物活性物质的封装和输送

背景

许多生物活性和功能成分在化学上不稳定，并表现出可变的水/油溶解度，这降低了它们的生物利用度和功效。因此，使用食品级材料开发和应用基于可食用乳剂的这些化合物的输送系统将对食品工业极为有益。近年来，由于颗粒稳定的乳液（即Pickering乳液）不含表面活性剂的特性，引起了科学界的极大关注。

范围和方法

这篇综述总结了由食品级颗粒稳定的Pickering乳液在包裹和递送亲脂性和亲水性生物活性物质方面的最新应用。首先，讨论了Pickering乳液的有益特性及其在生物活性物质靶向输送中的潜在用途。接下来，重点介绍了基于Pickering乳液的输送系统（PEDS）的不同设计及其在生物活性物质输送中的性能。最后，解决了未来研究的挑战和机遇。

主要发现和结论

源自蛋白质，多糖和脂质的颗粒由于其固有的生化特性而获得了可观的研究兴趣，这些固有的生化特性使PEDS得以开发，从而可以改善生物活性物质的稳定性和传递性。已经开发和研究了不同类型的PEDS（即O / W或W / O单乳剂，O / W / O或W / O / W双乳剂，乳胶，高内相乳剂和微胶囊），并将其作为通用工具进行研究亲脂性和亲水性生物活性物质的包封。未来的研究应侧重于阐明PEDS中生物活性物质的释放机制，以及评估PEDS与实际食品系统的相容性，以及在体内使用PEDS的功效和安全性。模型。为了弥合实验室与市场之间的鸿沟，非液态PEDS的开发也应成为未来研究的重点。