Various phosphorus flame retardants (FR) have been grafted on lignin-rich miscanthus fibers and lignin-poor flax fibers according to two methods, phosphonic acids condensation in mild conditions and radiation grafting. Phosphorus content and its location on fibers were evaluated. Even if phosphorus FR diffused into the fibers bulk in all cases, chemical modification based on phosphonic acids condensation with hydroxyls of miscanthus fibers appears more suitable for high lignin content fibers. Phosphorus content in miscanthus fibers reached 1.4 wt% using hexane-1,6-diylbisphosphonic acid whereas it reached a lower content (0.3 wt%) for flax fibers. Radiation grafting is suitable for both fibers with limited effect depending on fiber nature. Flame retardancy at microscale was examined using PCFC and TGA. Thermal properties and flame retardancy have been shown to be correlated to the phosphorus content but also to fibers composition and to the thermal stability of the flame retardant. Vinyl phosphonic acid was found to be more efficient as char promoter for flax compared to miscanthus.

根据两种方法，在温和条件下的膦酸缩合和辐射接枝两种方法，已将多种磷阻燃剂（FR）接枝到了富含木质素的桔梗纤维和贫木质素的亚麻纤维上。评估了磷含量及其在纤维上的位置。即使在所有情况下，磷FR都扩散到纤维块中，基于膦酸与猕猴桃纤维的羟基缩合的化学改性似乎更适合于高木质素含量的纤维。使用己烷-1,6-二基双膦酸时，黄can纤维中的磷含量达到1.4 wt％，而亚麻纤维中的磷含量更低（0.3 wt％）。辐射接枝适用于两种纤维，但取决于纤维的性质，其效果有限。使用PCFC和TGA检查了微尺度的阻燃性。已经显示出热性能和阻燃性与磷含量相关，但也与纤维组成和阻燃剂的热稳定性相关。发现乙烯基膦酸作为亚麻的炭促进剂比桔梗更有效。