The aggregation pheromone phenylacetonitrile: Joint action with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and physiological and transcriptomic effects on Schistocerca gregaria nymphs,Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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The aggregation pheromone phenylacetonitrile: Joint action with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and physiological and transcriptomic effects on Schistocerca gregaria nymphs
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104594
Khemais Abdellaoui ₁ , Meriam Miladi ₁ , Marouane Mkhinini ₂ , Iteb Boughattas ₂ , Amel Ben Hamouda ₁ , Lobna Hajji-Hedfi ₁ , Haithem Tlili ₃ , Fatma Acheuk ₄

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The combined use of entomopathogenic fungi and sublethal rate of chemical insecticides or other biological control agents have been proposed as an environmentally and sustainable strategy in the control of locust pests. In this paper, the quarter and the half of the recommended dose of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum (¼ and ½ Ma) and the aggregation pheromone (Phenylacetonitrile: PAN) were applied simultaneously and sequentially to Schistocerca gregaria fifth-instar nymphs. In addition, the physiological effects of PAN on locusts were assessed at the behavior, immune response, and biochemical level by evaluating for glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase inhibition (AChE), and malondialdehyde accumulation (MDA). Results showed that simultaneous application of PAN and the entomopathogenic fungus exhibited additive interaction. Synergistic interaction was also demonstrated when nymphs were exposed to PAN first, then treated with M. anisopliae var. acridum. Behavioral bioassay revealed that fifth-instar nymphs avoided the PAN odour and tended to remain away from the stimulus cup. In the choice assay, the pheromone significantly repelled the locusts at 2, 4, and 6 h of exposure which selected the PAN-free arena chamber. Moreover, treated nymphs become hyperactive and disoriented as evidenced by the cumulative distance travelled and the trajectory of locusts during the experiment. Immunological studies showed that PAN significantly decreased the differential haemocyte counts (prohemocytes and plasmatocytes) with a dose-response relationship. Data of biochemical analyzes showed that the PAN exposure reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase and induced significantly the glutathione S-transferases and MDA concentration in the desert locust fifth-instar nymphs. Moreover, transcriptomic responses to the PAN exposure were evaluated using gene expression levels of CYP540 and GST. The transcript levels showed an up-regulation in GST expression level particularly in nymphs exposed for 4 and 6 h. A significant increase in CYP450 transcript level was also observed after 2 h of exposure, which decreased significantly after 4 and 6 h.

中文翻译：

聚集信息素苯乙腈：与昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌变种的联合作用。acridum 和对 Schistocerca gregaria 若虫的生理和转录组学影响

昆虫病原真菌和化学杀虫剂或其他生物防治剂的亚致死率的组合使用已被提议作为控制蝗虫害虫的环境和可持续策略。在本文中，绿僵菌推荐剂量的四分之一和一半。将 acridum (¼ 和 ½ Ma) 和聚集信息素 (苯乙腈: PAN) 同时和顺序应用于 Schistocerca gregaria 五龄若虫。此外，通过评估谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GST)、乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制 (AChE) 和丙二醛积累 (MDA)，在行为、免疫反应和生化水平上评估了 PAN 对蝗虫的生理影响。结果表明，同时应用 PAN 和昆虫病原真菌表现出加性相互作用。当若虫首先暴露于 PAN，然后用 M. anisopliae var. 处理时，也证明了协同相互作用。吖啶。行为生物测定表明，五龄若虫避免了 PAN 气味，并倾向于远离刺激杯。在选择试验中，信息素在暴露 2、4 和 6 小时时显着排斥蝗虫，选择了无 PAN 的竞技场室。此外，如实验期间累积的行进距离和蝗虫的轨迹所证明的那样，接受治疗的若虫变得过度活跃和迷失方向。免疫学研究表明，PAN 显着降低了不同的血细胞计数（原血细胞和浆细胞），呈剂量反应关系。生化分析数据表明，PAN暴露降低了沙漠蝗五龄若虫乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性，并显着诱导了谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和MDA浓度的升高。此外，使用 CYP540 和 GST 的基因表达水平评估了对 PAN 暴露的转录组反应。转录水平显示 GST 表达水平上调，特别是在暴露 4 和 6 小时的若虫中。暴露 2 小时后还观察到 CYP450 转录水平显着增加，4 小时和 6 小时后显着降低。转录水平显示 GST 表达水平上调，特别是在暴露 4 和 6 小时的若虫中。暴露 2 小时后还观察到 CYP450 转录水平显着增加，4 小时和 6 小时后显着降低。转录水平显示 GST 表达水平上调，特别是在暴露 4 和 6 小时的若虫中。暴露 2 小时后还观察到 CYP450 转录水平显着增加，4 小时和 6 小时后显着降低。

更新日期：2020-04-01

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