Aquaculture is an economic activity that faces the unavoidable problem of water quality detriment, which is mainly generated by the improper management of production ponds, including inadequate water circulation and aeration, accumulation of undigested food residues, excretion of metabolic by‐products by the cultivated organisms and other. In addition, the increase in suspended organic matter together with the presence and generation of nitrogen compounds can severely affect the physiology of the animal, leading to significant losses in production. Ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) are toxic in different scales and environmental conditions; therefore, reducing their concentrations in the culture units has paramount relevance. In this regard, bioflocs are an efficient alternative to transform nitrogen compounds into a non‐toxic form, taking advantage of the capabilities of the microbial communities conforming them. Also, nitrogen can be harnessed and incorporated as organic nitrogen, making the biofloc a source of useful natural food for the cultivated organism. The substantial reduction in the rate of water exchange favoured by the biofloc technology (BFT) is a beneficial advantage for both the production systems and the environment, diminishing the risk of introducing pathogens into the pond in parallel with the improvement in the water quality of effluents. Ammonia oxidation is an advantage adding value to the BFT systems and is discussed in this review.

中文翻译：

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生物絮凝系统水产养殖脱氮的硝化过程

水产养殖是一项面临不可避免的水质损害问题的经济活动，这主要是由于生产池管理不当造成的，包括水循环和通气不足，未消化的食物残渣的积累，耕种生物对代谢副产物的排泄和别的。另外，悬浮有机物的增加以及氮化合物的存在和产生会严重影响动物的生理，导致生产的重大损失。氨（NH3），亚硝酸盐（NO2）和硝酸盐（NO3）在不同规模和环境条件下均具有毒性；因此，降低它们在培养单元中的浓度至关重要。在这方面，生物絮凝剂是将氮化合物转化为无毒形式的有效替代品，利用使它们适应的微生物群落的能力。而且，可以利用氮并将其作为有机氮掺入，从而使生物絮凝物成为栽培有机物有用的天然食物的来源。生物絮凝技术（BFT）有利于大幅降低水交换速率，这对生产系统和环境都是有益的优势，同时降低了将病原体引入池塘的风险，同时改善了污水的水质。氨氧化是增加BFT系统价值的一项优势，本文将对此进行讨论。使生物絮凝物成为培养生物有用的天然食物的来源。生物絮凝技术（BFT）有利于大幅降低水交换速率，这对生产系统和环境都是有益的优势，同时降低了将病原体引入池塘的风险，同时改善了污水的水质。氨氧化是增加BFT系统价值的一项优势，本文将对此进行讨论。使生物絮凝物成为培养生物有用的天然食物的来源。生物絮凝技术（BFT）有利于大幅降低水交换速率，这对生产系统和环境均具有有利的优势，同时降低了将病原体引入池塘的风险，同时改善了污水的水质。氨氧化是增加BFT系统价值的一项优势，本文将对此进行讨论。