Fecal microbiota in seven different monogastric animal species, elephant, horse, human, marmoset, mouse, pig and, rat were compared using the same analytical protocol of 16S rRNA metagenome. Fecal microbiota in herbivores showed higher alpha diversity than omnivores except for pigs. Additionally, principal coordinate analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance demonstrated that herbivores and pigs clustered together, whereas other animal species were separately aggregated. In view of butyrate- and lactate-producing bacteria, predominant genera were different depending on animal species. For example, the abundance of Faecalibacterium, a known butyrate producer, was 8.02% ± 3.22% in human while it was less than 1% in other animal species. Additionally, Bifidobacterium was a predominant lactate producer in human and marmoset, while it was rarely detected in other omnivores. The abundance of lactate-producing bacteria in herbivores was notably lower than omnivores. On the other hand, herbivores as well as pig possess Fibrobacter, a cellulolytic bacterium. This study demonstrated that fecal microbiota in herbivorous animals is similar, sharing some common features such as higher alpha diversity and higher abundance of cellulolytic bacterium. On the other hand, omnivorous animals seem to possess unique fecal microbiota. It is of interest that pigs, although omnivore, have fecal microbiota showing some common features with herbivores.

中文翻译：

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两种单胃草食性和五种杂食性哺乳动物粪便微生物群的比较。

使用相同的 16S rRNA 宏基因组分析方案比较了七种不同的单胃动物物种、大象​​、马、人类、狨猴、小鼠、猪和大鼠的粪便微生物群。除猪外，食草动物的粪便微生物群显示出比杂食动物更高的 alpha 多样性。此外，基于加权 UniFrac 距离的主坐标分析表明，食草动物和猪聚集在一起，而其他动物物种则单独聚集。鉴于产生丁酸盐和乳酸的细菌，优势属因动物种类而异。例如，已知的丁酸盐生产者 Faecalibacterium 的丰度在人类中为 8.02% ± 3.22%，而在其他动物物种中则不到 1%。此外，双歧杆菌是人类和狨猴的主要乳酸生产者，而在其他杂食动物中很少检测到。食草动物中产生乳酸的细菌的丰度明显低于杂食动物。另一方面，食草动物和猪都拥有纤维杆菌，一种分解纤维素的细菌。这项研究表明，食草动物的粪便微生物群是相似的，具有一些共同特征，例如更高的 alpha 多样性和更高的纤维素分解细菌丰度。另一方面，杂食动物似乎拥有独特的粪便微生物群。有趣的是，猪虽然是杂食动物，但其粪便微生物群与食草动物具有一些共同特征。这项研究表明，食草动物的粪便微生物群是相似的，具有一些共同特征，例如更高的 alpha 多样性和更高的纤维素分解细菌丰度。另一方面，杂食动物似乎拥有独特的粪便微生物群。有趣的是，猪虽然是杂食动物，但其粪便微生物群与食草动物具有一些共同特征。这项研究表明，食草动物的粪便微生物群是相似的，具有一些共同特征，例如更高的 alpha 多样性和更高的纤维素分解细菌丰度。另一方面，杂食动物似乎拥有独特的粪便微生物群。有趣的是，猪虽然是杂食动物，但其粪便微生物群与食草动物具有一些共同特征。