Central pattern generators (CPGs) are neuronal circuits that can autonomously generate rhythmic behaviors such as breathing, locomotion and vocalization (Marder and Bucher 2001). The study of these circuits is important because they are essential for survival. However, their investigation has also been prioritized for pragmatic reasons: because they can produce naturalistic rhythmic patterns without sensory feedback, they often continue to function in a quasi-normal way in ex vivo preparations (Rhodes et al., 2007. Many CPGs, such as the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) circuit that controls crustacean stomach movements, represent some of the best understood neuronal circuits in all of neuroscience, and have provided fundamental insights into nervous system mechanisms such as neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, and activity-dependent homeostasis (Daur, Nadim, and Bucher 2016).

中文翻译：

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中央模式发生器揭示了许多时间尺度上的神经元回路动态。

中央模式发生器（CPG）是神经元回路，可以自主产生有节奏的行为，如呼吸，运动和发声（Marder和Bucher 2001）。这些电路的研究很重要，因为它们对于生存至关重要。但是，出于务实的原因，他们的研究也被优先考虑：因为它们可以产生自然的节奏模式而没有感觉反馈，所以它们在离体制剂中通常继续以准正常的方式起作用（Rhodes等，2007。许多CPG，例如作为控制甲壳动物胃运动的气门神经节（STG）回路，代表了整个神经科学领域中一些最能被理解的神经回路，并且已经为神经系统机制（例如神经调节，突触可塑性，