Most neurons must last a lifetime and their microtubule cytoskeleton is an important contributor to their longevity. Neurons have some of the most stable microtubules of all cells, but the tip of every microtubule remains dynamic and, although requiring constant GTP consumption, microtubules are always being rebuilt. While some ongoing level of rebuilding always occurs, overall microtubule stability can be modulated in response to injury and stress as well as the normal developmental process of pruning. Specific microtubule severing proteins act in different contexts to increase microtubule dynamicity and promote degeneration and pruning. After axon injury, complex changes in dynamics occur and these are important for both neuroprotection induced by injury and subsequent outgrowth of a new axon. Understanding how microtubule dynamics is modulated in different scenarios, as well as the impact of the changes in stability, is an important avenue to explore for development of strategies to promote neuroprotection and regeneration.

中文翻译：

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健康和受伤神经元的微管动力学

大多数神经元必须持续一生，它们的微管细胞骨架是它们长寿的重要因素。神经元具有所有细胞中最稳定的微管，但每个微管的尖端保持动态，尽管需要不断消耗 GTP，但微管总是在重建。虽然总是会发生一些持续的重建水平，但整体微管稳定性可以根据损伤和压力以及修剪的正常发育过程进行调节。特定的微管切断蛋白在不同的环境中起作用以增加微管的动态性并促进退化和修剪。轴突损伤后，会发生复杂的动力学变化，这些变化对于损伤引起的神经保护和随后新轴突的生长都很重要。