Craniofacial anomalies are among the most frequent birth defects worldwide, and are thought to be caused by gene‐environment interactions. Genetically manipulated zebrafish simulate human diseases and provide great advantages for investigating the etiology and pathology of craniofacial anomalies. Although substantial advances have been made in understanding genetic factors causing craniofacial disorders, limited information about the etiology by which environmental factors, such as teratogens, induce craniofacial anomalies is available in zebrafish.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼模型中由神经嵴细胞发育中断引起的化学诱导颅面异常。

颅面畸形是世界范围内最常见的出生缺陷之一，被认为是由基因-环境相互作用引起的。基因操作的斑马鱼模拟人类疾病，为研究颅面异常的病因和病理学提供了巨大的优势。尽管在了解导致颅面疾病的遗传因素方面取得了重大进展，但在斑马鱼中可获得的关于环境因素（如致畸剂）诱发颅面异常的病因学信息有限。