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Divergent C-terminal motifs in Gα12 and Gα13 provide distinct mechanisms of effector binding and SRF activation.
Cellular Signalling ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109653
Rebecca C Stecky 1 , Courtney R Quick 1 , Todd L Fleming 1 , Makenzy L Mull 1 , Vanessa K Vinson 1 , Megan S Whitley 1 , E Nicole Dover 1 , Thomas E Meigs 1
Affiliation  

The G12/13 subfamily of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding proteins comprises the α subunits Gα12 and Gα13, which transduce signals for cell growth, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and oncogenic transformation. In an increasing range of cancers, overexpressed Gα12 or Gα13 are implicated in aberrant cell proliferation and/or metastatic invasion. Although Gα12 and Gα13 bind non-redundant sets of effector proteins and participate in unique signalling pathways, the structural features responsible for functional differences between these α subunits are largely unknown. Invertebrates encode a single G12/13 homolog that participates in cytoskeletal changes yet appears to lack signalling to SRF (serum response factor), a transcriptional activator stimulated by mammalian Gα12 and Gα13 to promote growth and tumorigenesis. Our previous studies identified an evolutionarily divergent region in Gα12 for which replacement by homologous sequence from Drosophila melanogaster abolished SRF signalling, whereas the same invertebrate substitution was fully tolerated in Gα13 [Montgomery et al. (2014) Mol. Pharmacol. 85: 586]. These findings prompted our current approach of evolution-guided mutagenesis to identify fine structural features of Gα12 and Gα13 that underlie their respective SRF activation mechanisms. Our results identified two motifs flanking the α4 helix that play a key role in Gα12 signalling to SRF. We found the region encompassing these motifs to provide an interacting surface for multiple Gα12-specific target proteins that fail to bind Gα13. Adjacent to this divergent region, a highly-conserved domain was vital for SRF activation by both Gα12 and Gα13. However, dissection of this domain using invertebrate substitutions revealed different signalling mechanisms in these α subunits and identified Gα13-specific determinants of binding Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Furthermore, invertebrate substitutions in the C-terminal, α5 helical region were selectively disruptive to Gα12 signalling. Taken together, our results identify key structural features near the C-terminus that evolved after the divergence of Gα12 and Gα13, and should aid the development of agents to selectively manipulate signalling by individual α subunits of the G12/13 subfamily.

中文翻译:

Gα12 和 Gα13 中不同的 C 端基序提供了不同的效应子结合和 SRF 激活机制。

异源三聚鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白的 G12/13 亚家族包含 α 亚基 Gα12 和 Gα13,它们转导细胞生长、细胞骨架重排和致癌转化的信号。在越来越多的癌症中,过度表达的 Gα12 或 Gα13 与异常细胞增殖和/或转移侵袭有关。尽管 Gα12 和 Gα13 结合非冗余的效应蛋白组并参与独特的信号通路,但导致这些 α 亚基之间功能差异的结构特征在很大程度上是未知的。无脊椎动物编码单个 G12/13 同源物,该同源物参与细胞骨架变化,但似乎缺乏向 SRF(血清反应因子)的信号,SRF 是一种转录激活因子,由哺乳动物 Gα12 和 Gα13 刺激以促进生长和肿瘤发生。我们之前的研究在 Gα12 中发现了一个进化上不同的区域,用来自黑腹果蝇的同源序列替换该区域消除了 SRF 信号,而在 Gα13 中完全耐受相同的无脊椎动物替换 [Montgomery et al. (2014) 摩尔。药学。85:586]。这些发现促使我们目前的进化引导诱变方法来确定 Gα12 和 Gα13 的精细结构特征,这些特征是它们各自 SRF 激活机制的基础。我们的结果确定了 α4 螺旋两侧的两个基序,它们在 Gα12 向 SRF 信号传导中起关键作用。我们发现包含这些基序的区域为无法结合 Gα13 的多个 Gα12 特异性靶蛋白提供相互作用的表面。与这个不同的区域相邻,一个高度保守的结构域对于 Gα12 和 Gα13 的 SRF 激活至关重要。然而,使用无脊椎动物置换对该结构域的解剖揭示了这些 α 亚基中不同的信号传导机制,并确定了结合 Rho 特异性鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子的 Gα13 特异性决定因素。此外,C 端α5 螺旋区域中的无脊椎动物替换选择性地破坏了 Gα12 信号传导。总之,我们的结果确定了在 Gα12 和 Gα13 分歧后进化的 C 端附近的关键结构特征,并且应该有助于开发试剂来选择性地操纵 G12/13 亚家族的单个 α 亚基的信号。C 端的无脊椎动物替代,α5 螺旋区域选择性破坏 Gα12 信号。总之,我们的结果确定了在 Gα12 和 Gα13 分歧后进化的 C 端附近的关键结构特征,并且应该有助于开发试剂以选择性地操纵 G12/13 亚家族的单个 α 亚基的信号。C 端的无脊椎动物替代,α5 螺旋区域选择性破坏 Gα12 信号。总之,我们的结果确定了在 Gα12 和 Gα13 分歧后进化的 C 端附近的关键结构特征,并且应该有助于开发试剂以选择性地操纵 G12/13 亚家族的单个 α 亚基的信号。
更新日期:2020-04-21
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