Varying expected satiety (ES) for equi-calorie portions of different foods can affect subsequent feelings of hunger and fullness and alter consumption. To our knowledge, no study has manipulated ES for an equal portion of the same solid food, appetite has not been measured >3 h and studies have not consistently measure later consumption. It is also unclear whether changes in hunger, fullness or later consumption are related to a physiological response. The aims of this study were to use the same solid food, to measure participants' response over a 4-h inter-meal period, to measure later consumption and to assess whether any effect of ES was related to a physiological (i.e. total ghrelin) response. Using a within-subjects design, 26 healthy participants had their ES for omelettes manipulated experimentally, believing that a 3-egg omelette contained either 2 (small condition) or 4 (large condition) eggs. When ES was higher (large condition) participants ate significantly fewer calories at a lunchtime test meal (mean difference = 69 kcal [± 95% CI 4-136]) and consumed significantly fewer calories throughout the day (mean difference = 167 kcal [± 95% CI 26-309]). As expected, there was a main effect of time on hunger and fullness, but no main effect of 'portion size' (p > .05). There was also a significant interaction between time and portion size for hunger. There was no evidence for any significant differences being the result of changes in total ghrelin. Overall, the data suggest that ES for a solid food can be manipulated and that, when given at breakfast, having a higher ES for a meal reduces lunchtime and whole day caloric consumption.

中文翻译：

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我们就是我们（认为我们）吃的东西：预期饱腹感对后续卡路里消耗的影响

不同食物等热量部分的不同预期饱腹感 (ES) 会影响随后的饥饿感和饱腹感并改变消费。据我们所知，没有研究对等量的相同固体食物操纵 ES，没有测量超过 3 小时的食欲，并且研究没有一致地测量以后的消费。目前还不清楚饥饿、饱腹感或后期消费的变化是否与生理反应有关。本研究的目的是使用相同的固体食物，测量参与者在 4 小时的进餐间隔期间的反应，测量以后的消费，并评估 ES 的任何影响是否与生理（即总生长素释放肽）有关回复。使用受试者内设计，26 名健康参与者对煎蛋卷的 ES 进行了实验操作，相信一个 3 个鸡蛋的煎蛋包含 2 个（小条件）或 4 个（大条件）鸡蛋。当 ES 较高（大型条件）时，参与者在午餐时间测试餐中摄入的卡路里显着减少（平均差异 = 69 kcal [± 95% CI 4-136]）并且全天消耗的卡路里显着减少（平均差异 = 167 kcal [± 95% 置信区间 26-309])。正如预期的那样，时间对饥饿和饱腹感有主要影响，但“份量”没有主要影响（p > .05）。饥饿的时间和份量之间也有显着的相互作用。没有证据表明任何显着差异是总生长素释放肽变化的结果。总体而言，数据表明固体食物的 ES 可以被操纵，并且在早餐时给予更高的 ES 可以减少午餐时间和全天的热量消耗。