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Structure and function of the Arctic and Antarctic marine microbiota as revealed by metagenomics.
Microbiome ( IF 13.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00826-9
Shunan Cao 1 , Weipeng Zhang 2 , Wei Ding 3 , Meng Wang 2 , Shen Fan 2 , Bo Yang 2 , Andrew Mcminn 2 , Min Wang 2 , Bin-Bin Xie 3 , Qi-Long Qin 3 , Xiu-Lan Chen 3 , Jianfeng He 1 , Yu-Zhong Zhang 2
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The Arctic and Antarctic are the two most geographically distant bioregions on earth. Recent sampling efforts and following metagenomics have shed light on the global ocean microbial diversity and function, yet the microbiota of polar regions has not been included in such global analyses. RESULTS Here a metagenomic study of seawater samples (n = 60) collected from different depths at 28 locations in the Arctic and Antarctic zones was performed, together with metagenomes from the Tara Oceans. More than 7500 (19%) polar seawater-derived operational taxonomic units could not be identified in the Tara Oceans datasets, and more than 3,900,000 protein-coding gene orthologs had no hits in the Ocean Microbial Reference Gene Catalog. Analysis of 214 metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from the polar seawater microbiomes, revealed strains that are prevalent in the polar regions while nearly undetectable in temperate seawater. Metabolic pathway reconstruction for these microbes suggested versatility for saccharide and lipids biosynthesis, nitrate and sulfate reduction, and CO2 fixation. Comparison between the Arctic and Antarctic microbiomes revealed that antibiotic resistance genes were enriched in the Arctic while functions like DNA recombination were enriched in the Antarctic. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the occurrence of dominant and locally enriched microbes in the Arctic and Antarctic seawater with unique functional traits for environmental adaption, and provide a foundation for analyzing the global ocean microbiome in a more complete perspective. Video abstract.

中文翻译:

宏基因组学揭示了北极和南极海洋微生物群的结构和功能。

背景技术北极和南极是地球上两个地理上最远离的生物区域。最近的采样工作和随​​后的宏基因组学研究为全球海洋微生物的多样性和功能提供了线索,但这种全球分析并未将极地地区的微生物群包括在内。结果在这里对来自北极和南极地区28个地点不同深度的海水样本(n = 60)以及来自塔拉海洋的基因组进行了宏基因组学研究。在塔拉海洋数据集中无法识别出超过7500个(19%)极性的海水操作分类单位,在海洋微生物参考基因目录中没有超过390万个蛋白质编码基因直系同源物。分析了从极地海水微生物区系中回收的214个元基因组组装基因组(MAG),揭示了在极地地区普遍存在的菌株,而在温带海水中几乎无法检测到。这些微生物的代谢途径重建表明,糖和脂质生物合成,硝酸盐和硫酸盐还原以及CO2固定具有多功能性。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明,抗生素抗性基因在北极富集,而DNA重组等功能在南极富集。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中优势和局部富集微生物的发生,这些微生物具有独特的环境适应功能特征,并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定了基础。录像摘要。这些微生物的代谢途径重建表明,糖和脂质的生物合成,硝酸盐和硫酸盐还原以及CO2固定具有多功能性。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明,抗生素抗性基因在北极富集,而DNA重组等功能在南极富集。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中优势和局部富集微生物的发生,这些微生物具有独特的环境适应功能特征,并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定了基础。录像摘要。这些微生物的代谢途径重建表明,糖和脂质的生物合成,硝酸盐和硫酸盐还原以及CO2固定具有多功能性。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明,抗生素抗性基因在北极富集,而DNA重组等功能在南极富集。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中优势和局部富集微生物的发生,这些微生物具有独特的环境适应功能特征,并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定了基础。录像摘要。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明,抗生素抗性基因在北极富集,而DNA重组等功能在南极富集。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中优势和局部富集微生物的发生,这些微生物具有独特的环境适应功能特征,并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定了基础。录像摘要。北极和南极微生物群落的比较表明,抗生素抗性基因在北极富集,而DNA重组等功能在南极富集。结论我们的数据突出了北极和南极海水中优势和局部富集微生物的发生,这些微生物具有独特的环境适应功能特征,并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定了基础。录像摘要。并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定基础。录像摘要。并为更全面地分析全球海洋微生物组奠定基础。录像摘要。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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