MicroRNA (miRNA) links closely to the occurrence and development of many diseases, and the relationships between miRNA and mycotoxin and pathogenic bacteria also draw attentions. Therefore, in addition to clinical diagnosis, there is significant potential by sensing miRNAs for toxicity evaluation of food hazards. However, ultra-low levels, small inherent size and highly similar segments of miRNAs present a challenge to the profiling of miRNA expression, making effective methods crucially important. In this review, limitations of traditional miRNA detection methods are discussed. Then, a summary on miRNA sensing and imaging based on DNA nanostructure is provided. Next, signal amplification and ratiometric detection using sensitive electrochemical and fluorescence signals is focused. At last, challenges and potential opportunities of miRNA detection for wide application are proposed.

MicroRNA（miRNA）与许多疾病的发生和发展密切相关，miRNA与霉菌毒素和致病菌之间的关系也引起了人们的关注。因此，除临床诊断外，通过感测miRNA对食品危害的毒性评估具有巨大潜力。但是，miRNA的超低水平，较小的固有大小和高度相似的片段对miRNA表达的分析提出了挑战，这使得有效方法至关重要。在这篇综述中，讨论了传统miRNA检测方法的局限性。然后，总结了基于DNA纳米结构的miRNA传感和成像。接下来，重点介绍使用敏感的电化学和荧光信号进行信号放大和比率检测。最后，