Humans mainly communicate among them and with the world around them using light and vision, thus implying that visual representation technologies play a central role in human societies. While visual representation has been based on the 2D representation paradigm for many decades, multiple developments are nowadays pressing towards the adoption of more realistic and immersive 3D visual representation models. Point clouds are one of these emerging representation models. However, the huge amount of data involved asks for highly efficient coding solutions, some of which have recently started to be developed by the MPEG and JPEG standardization groups. In this hectic context, this paper proposes a privileged view over the current point cloud coding technologies, driven by a novel, appropriate classification taxonomy. For this purpose, some of the most representative point cloud coding solutions available in the literature will be reviewed to exercise the most relevant classification paths in the proposed taxonomy. It is expected that this type of classification taxonomy and privileged view may help better understanding the point cloud coding landscape for further solid and consistent advancements in this emerging technical area.

人类主要使用光线和视觉与人类之间以及与周围的世界进行交流，这意味着视觉表示技术在人类社会中发挥着核心作用。尽管视觉表示基于2D表示范例已有数十年的历史，但当今的多种发展正迫使采用更逼真的，身临其境的3D视觉表示模型。点云是这些新兴的表示模型之一。但是，涉及的大量数据需要高效的编码解决方案，其中一些最近已由MPEG和JPEG标准化组织开始开发。在这种繁忙的情况下，本文提出了一种新颖的，适当的分类法，对当前的点云编码技术提出了特权观点。以此目的，将对文献中提供的一些最具代表性的点云编码解决方案进行审查，以在建议的分类法中运用最相关的分类路径。期望这种类型的分类法和特权视图可以帮助更好地理解点云编码环境，以在该新兴技术领域中进一步扎实一致地发展。