This paper presents a new methodology to exploit consumers’ flexibility for the provision of ancillary services (AS) in the smart grid era. The proposed framework offers a control-based approach that adopts price signalsas the economic driver to modulate consumers’ response. In this framework, various system operators broadcast price signals independently to fulfil their AS requirements. Appropriate flexibility estimators are developed from the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO) perspectives for price generation. An artificial neural network (ANN) controller is used for the TSO to infer the price-consumption reaction from pools of consumers in its territory. A proportional-integral (PI) controller is preferred to represent the consumers’ price-response and generate time-varying electricity prices at the DSO level for voltage management. A multi-timescale simulation model is built in MATLAB to assess the proposed methodology in different operational conditions. Numerical analyses show the applicability of the proposed method for the provision of AS from consumers at different levels of the grid and the interaction between TSO and DSOs through the proposed framework.

中文翻译：

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一种满足灵活终端用户对 TSO 和 DSO 辅助服务需求的基于控制的方法

本文提出了一种在智能电网时代利用消费者灵活性提供辅助服务 (AS) 的新方法。提议的框架提供了一种基于控制的方法，该方法采用价格信号作为经济驱动因素来调节消费者的反应。在此框架中，各个系统运营商独立广播价格信号以满足其 AS 要求。从输电系统运营商 (TSO) 和配电系统运营商 (DSO) 的角度开发了适当的灵活性估算器，用于生成价格。TSO 使用人工神经网络 (ANN) 控制器来推断其领土内的消费者群体的价格-消费反应。比例积分 (PI) 控制器更适合代表消费者的价格响应，并在 DSO 级别生成时变电价以进行电压管理。在 MATLAB 中建立了一个多时间尺度仿真模型，以评估不同操作条件下所提出的方法。数值分析表明，所提出的方法适用于从电网的不同级别的消费者提供 AS，以及通过所提出的框架在 TSO 和 DSO 之间进行交互。