Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites as promising light-harvesting materials have been the focus of scientific research and development of photovoltaics recently. Especially, metal halide perovskites currently become one of the most competitive candidates for the fabrication of solar cells with record certified efficiency over 25%. Despite the high efficiency, many fundamental questions remain unclear and need to be addressed at both the material and device levels, such as weaker stability, poorer reproducibility, easier degradation influenced by water, oxygen, thermal factors, and so on. Based on recent reports, interfacial engineering plays a crucial role in controlling the behavior of the charge carriers and in growing high quality, defect-free perovskite crystals, therefore helping to enhance device performance and operational stability. However, little attention has been paid to the interface interaction mechanism among carrier transport layers and perovskite active layer. It is extremely urgent to explore the perovskite interfaces in details and to find out how its interface structure is relative to the efficiency and hysteresis in perovskites solar cells. Based on the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), we have established an advanced perovskite photovoltaic device preparation and in-line test system, developed a series of unique surface diffraction analysis methods based on ex situ and in situ grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), and reported a large number of novel synchrotron radiation results on crystallization of the perovskite photovoltaics films. Our main investigations are aimed to deeply in-situ study the perovskite film growth dynamics using synchrotron radiation GIXRD technology in combination with a customized mini online glove box (c(H₂O,O₂)<1 ppm) and temperature-humidity control equipment, and so on., which should provide solid theoretical background and point to the useful direction for designing and fabricating high-performance perovskites solar cells. Moreover, a multifunctional joint characterization technology that in-situ GIXRD simultaneously combines with conventional characterization methods at synchrotron radiation beamline station must be put on the agenda in future research, which greatly promotes much more comprehensive and intuitive understanding of the nucleation, microcrystallization, and degradation mechanisms of perovskite heterojunction films, and therefore further optimizing their chemical synthesis strategies at the molecular level for functional materials.

近来，有机-无机杂化钙钛矿作为有希望的光收集材料已经成为光伏科研和开发的重点。尤其是，金属卤化物钙钛矿目前已成为制造太阳能电池最具竞争力的候选材料之一，其认证效率达到了创纪录的25％以上。尽管效率很高，但许多基本问题仍然不清楚，需要在材料和设备级别上解决，例如稳定性较弱，可重复性较差，受水，氧气，热因素影响而易于降解等。根据最近的报道，界面工程在控制电荷载流子的行为以及生长高质量，无缺陷的钙钛矿晶体方面起着至关重要的作用，因此有助于增强器件性能和操作稳定性。然而，很少关注载流子传输层和钙钛矿活性层之间的界面相互作用机制。迫切需要详细研究钙钛矿界面，并找出其界面结构与钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和滞后之间的关系。基于上海同步辐射装置（SSRF），我们建立了先进的钙钛矿光伏器件制备和在线测试系统，基于异位和原位掠入射X射线衍射技术开发了一系列独特的表面衍射分析方法（ （GIXRD），并报道了许多有关钙钛矿光伏膜结晶的新颖同步加速器辐射结果。₂ O，O ₂）<1 ppm）和温湿度控制设备等，它们应提供扎实的理论背景，并为设计和制造高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池提供有用的方向。此外，在未来的研究中，必须将在同步加速器辐射束线站上原位GIXRD与常规表征方法同时结合的多功能联合表征技术列入未来研究的议程，这将极大地促进对成核，微晶化和降解的更全面和直观的理解。钙钛矿异质结薄膜的分子机理，因此进一步在功能材料的分子水平上优化了它们的化学合成策略。