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The Effect of Multiple Developers on Structural Attributes: A Study Based on Java Software
Journal of Systems and Software ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.110593
Andrea Capiluppi , Nemitari Ajienka , Steve Counsell

Abstract Context Long-term software projects employ different software developers who collaborate on shared artifacts. The accumulation of changes pushed by different developers leave traces on the underlying code, that have an effect on its future maintainability, and even reuse. Objective This study focuses on the how the changes by different developers might have an impact on the code: we investigate whether the work of multiple developers, and their experience, have a visible effect on the structural metrics of the underlying code. Method We consider nine object-oriented (OO) attributes and we measure them in a GitHub sample containing the top 200 ‘forked’ projects. For each of their classes, we evaluated the number of distinct developers contributing to its source code, and their experience in the project. Results We show that the presence of multiple developers working on the same class has a visible effect on the chosen OO metrics, and often in the opposite direction to what the guidelines for each attribute suggest. We also show how the relative experience of developers in a project plays an important role in the distribution of those metrics, and the future maintenance of the Java classes. Conclusions Our results show how distributed development has an effect on the structural attributes of a software system and how the experience of developers plays a fundamental role in that effect. We also discover workarounds and best practices in 4 applied case studies.

中文翻译:

多个开发者对结构属性的影响:基于Java软件的研究

摘要上下文长期软件项目雇用不同的软件开发人员,他们在共享工件上进行协作。不同开发者推动的变化积累在底层代码上留下痕迹,影响其未来的可维护性,甚至重用。目标 本研究侧重于不同开发人员的更改可能如何对代码产生影响:我们调查多个开发人员的工作及其经验是否对底层代码的结构度量产生明显影响。方法 我们考虑九个面向对象 (OO) 属性,并在包含前 200 个“分叉”项目的 GitHub 示例中测量它们。对于他们的每个类,我们评估了为其源代码做出贡献的不同开发人员的数量以及他们在项目中的经验。结果 我们表明,在同一类上工作的多个开发人员的存在对所选的 OO 指标有明显的影响,并且通常与每个属性的指导方针建议的方向相反。我们还展示了开发人员在项目中的相关经验如何在这些指标的分布以及 Java 类的未来维护中发挥重要作用。结论 我们的结果表明分布式开发如何对软件系统的结构属性产生影响,以及开发人员的经验如何在这种影响中发挥重要作用。我们还在 4 个应用案例研究中发现了解决方法和最佳实践。我们还展示了开发人员在项目中的相关经验如何在这些指标的分布以及 Java 类的未来维护中发挥重要作用。结论 我们的结果表明分布式开发如何对软件系统的结构属性产生影响,以及开发人员的经验如何在这种影响中发挥重要作用。我们还在 4 个应用案例研究中发现了解决方法和最佳实践。我们还展示了开发人员在项目中的相关经验如何在这些指标的分布以及 Java 类的未来维护中发挥重要作用。结论 我们的结果表明分布式开发如何对软件系统的结构属性产生影响,以及开发人员的经验如何在这种影响中发挥重要作用。我们还在 4 个应用案例研究中发现了解决方法和最佳实践。
更新日期:2020-09-01
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