Haemoproteus species (Haemosporida, Haemoproteidae) are cosmopolitan bird blood parasites, which often cause relatively benign infections in adapted avian hosts, but severe and even lethal haemoproteosis might develop due to internal organ damage if these pathogens inhabit non-adapted (wrong) hosts. Haemoproteids of swallows (Hirundinidae) remain fragmentarily investigated, with only two haemoproteid species reported in this bird family, which members are cosmopolitan, diverse and inhabit various terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in tropical countries. This study describes and provides molecular characterization of Haemoproteus parahirundinis n. sp. (cytochrome b lineage hHIRUS05), parasite of the most broadly distributed swallow, the Barn swallow Hirundo rustica. Gametocytes, gametes and ookinetes of the new species were examined and compared with other haemoproteids described in swallows. The phylogenetic analysis indicated the existence of a largely undescribed Haemoproteus species diversity in birds of the Hirundinidae and also suggests that all lineages of haemoproteids reported in swallows are transmitted by Culicoides biting midges, but not louse flies of the Hippoboscidae, which often inhabit their nests. The biting midges should be the first targets in vectors research of swallow haemoproteids. This study indicates existence of Haemoproteus species, which are readily distinct based on morphological characters of their blood and sporogonic stages, but differ only negligently in partial cytochrome b sequences, the main markers broadly used in molecular characterization of haemoproteids. That calls for further taxonomic research on haemoproteid in swallows, many species of which are endangered or even threatened with extinction because of habitat degradation.

中文翻译：

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燕子血蛋白的分子表征，并描述了一种新的血蛋白。

变形杆菌属物种（Haemosporida，Haemoproteidae）是世界性鸟类血液寄生虫，通常在适应的禽类宿主中引起相对良性的感染，但是如果这些病原体居住在不适应（错误）的宿主中，则可能由于内部器官损伤而导致严重甚至致命的血性蛋白变形。燕子的血红蛋白（Hirundinidae）仍被零碎研究，该鸟类家族中仅报道了两种血红蛋白物种，其成员是世界性的，多样的并栖息于各种陆地生态系统中，特别是在热带国家。这项研究描述并提供了嗜血变形杆菌n的分子表征。sp。（细胞色素b谱系hHIRUS05），燕子分布最广泛的寄生虫，是燕子H。配子细胞 检查了新物种的配子和卵子，并与燕子中描述的其他血红蛋白进行了比较。系统发育分析表明，Hirundinidae鸟类中存在大量未描述的变形杆菌物种多样性，并且还表明，燕子中报道的所有变形蛋白谱系均由库蚊（Culicoides）叮咬mid虫传播，而不是通常居住在其巢中的虱子蝇虱。咬人的ges应该成为燕子血蛋白载体研究的首要目标。这项研究表明存在血红蛋白菌种，根据其血液和孢子形成阶段的形态特征，它们很容易区分开，但是仅在部分细胞色素b序列中存在疏忽，后者是广泛用于血红蛋白分子表征的主要标记。