Cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancers are common in the female reproductive system. Cervical cancer starts from the cervix, while ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells grow in the ovary. Endometrial or uterine cancer starts from the lining of the womb in the endometrium. Approximately 12,000 women are affected every year by cervical cancer in the United States. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) is a well-established biomarker in serum for diagnosing gynecological cancers, and its levels were observed to be elevated in cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer patients. Moreover, SCC-Ag was used to identify the tumor size and progression stages. Various biosensing systems have been proposed to identify SCC-Ag; herein, enhanced interdigitated electrode sensing is presented with the use of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to conjugate an antigen/antibody. It was proved that the limit of detection is 62.5 fM in the case of antibody-GNP, which is 2-fold higher than that by SCC-Ag-GNP. Furthermore, the antibody-GNP-modified surface displays greater current increases with concomitant dose-dependent SCC-Ag levels. High analytical performance was shown by the discrimination against α-fetoprotein and CYFRA 21-1 at 1 pM. An enhanced sensing system is established for gynecological tumors, representing an advance from the earlier detection methods.

中文翻译：

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纳米共轭与抗原/抗体的妇科肿瘤的有效检测。

宫颈癌，卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌在女性生殖系统中很常见。宫颈癌始于子宫颈，而卵巢癌则在卵巢中出现异常细胞时发展。子宫内膜癌或子宫癌始于子宫内膜子宫内膜。在美国，每年约有12,000名妇女受到宫颈癌的影响。鳞状细胞癌抗原（SCC-Ag）是用于诊断妇科癌症的血清中公认的生物标志物，并且在宫颈癌，卵巢癌和子宫内膜癌患者中其水平升高。此外，SCC-Ag用于鉴定肿瘤大小和进展阶段。已经提出了各种生物传感系统来鉴定SCC-Ag。在这里，通过使用金纳米颗粒（GNP）偶联抗原/抗体，可以增强交叉指状电极的感应。事实证明，抗体-GNP的检测限为62.5 fM，比SCC-Ag-GNP的检测限高2倍。此外，抗体-GNP修饰的表面显示出更大的电流增加，并伴随着剂量依赖性SCC-Ag水平。对以下方面的歧视表明了较高的分析性能α胎蛋白和CYFRA 21-1在下午1点。建立了针对妇科肿瘤的增强型传感系统，这代表了较早的检测方法的进步。