In the early 1960s, a climate of public condemnation of electroconvulsive therapy was emerging in the USA and Europe. In spite of this, the electroshock apparatus prototype, introduced in Rome in 1938, was becoming hotly contended. This article explores the disputes around the display of the electroshock apparatus prototype in the summer of 1964 and sheds new light on the triangle of personalities that shaped its future: Karl and William Menninger, two key figures of American psychiatry in Topeka; their competitor, Adalberto Pazzini, the founder of the Sapienza Museum of the History of Medicine in Rome; and, between them, Lucio Bini, one of the original inventors of ECT, who died unexpectedly that summer.

中文翻译：

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电击三角：关于 1960 年代 ECT 仪器原型及其展示的争议

1960 年代初期，美国和欧洲出现了公众谴责电休克疗法的风气。尽管如此，1938 年在罗马推出的电击装置原型仍然引起了激烈的竞争。本文探讨了围绕 1964 年夏天展示电击仪器原型的争议，并为塑造其未来的三角人格提供了新的视角：卡尔和威廉门宁格，托皮卡美国精神病学的两位关键人物；他们的竞争对手，罗马 Sapienza 医学史博物馆的创始人阿达尔贝托·帕齐尼 (Adalberto Pazzini)；在他们中间，还有 ECT 的最初发明者之一卢西奥·比尼 (Lucio Bini)，他在那个夏天意外去世。