Introduction: Recent discoveries in the molecular makeup of gliomas, the relationship of certain molecular drivers, and the patient's response to therapy and overall prognosis have resulted in a paradigm shift and redefined our understanding of glioma and revealed potential vulnerabilities within this recalcitrant and lethal disease.Areas covered: We summarize the current classification of malignant glioma in the context of the historical background, current data-driven treatment strategies, and recent discoveries of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this disease which recapitulates the developing brain. We describe the relationship to common genetic alterations found in glioma, and possible avenues to exploit these newly revealed mechanisms.Expert opinion: Improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings of this disease has been directly translated into treatment decisions and an improved ability to counsel patients regarding their prognosis. We are beginning to see the first glimmer of a return on the investment in regard to immunotherapy in malignant glioma, with further anticipated successful exploitations of the unique pathophysiology of glioma.

中文翻译：

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胶质瘤发病机理的进一步理解：对治疗发展的影响。

简介：最近发现的神经胶质瘤的分子组成，某些分子驱动器的关系以及患者对治疗和总体预后的反应已导致范式转变，并重新定义了我们对神经胶质瘤的理解，并揭示了这种顽固性和致死性疾病的潜在脆弱性。涵盖的领域：我们在历史背景，当前数据驱动的治疗策略以及这种疾病的发病机理（概括了发育中的大脑）的机制的背景下，总结了恶性神经胶质瘤的当前分类。我们描述了与神经胶质瘤中常见遗传变异的关系，以及利用这些新发现机制的可能途径。专家意见：更好地了解这种疾病的分子基础已直接转化为治疗决策，并提高了对患者进行预后咨询的能力。我们开始看到在恶性神经胶质瘤免疫治疗方面投资回报的第一线曙光，并有望进一步成功地开发出胶质瘤独特的病理生理学。