Objectives: Exposure to racism experienced by caregivers poses a threat to child developmental outcomes. The current study examines the effects of caregiver-experienced racism on the development of internalizing behaviors for African American children during a sensitive period in their development of racial awareness. Two aspects of caregiver-provided ethnic racial socialization (ERS), cultural socialization and preparation for bias, were assessed as moderators. Supported by prior research, cultural socialization was hypothesized to be protective. Given that research on preparation for bias in early childhood is sparse or inconclusive, no directional hypothesis was formulated for the moderation effect of preparation for bias. Method: A community-recruited, low-income sample of 130 African American caregivers and their children (T3 Mage = 6.20, T4 Mage = 7.17) reported on past-year experiences with racism, ERS practices, and child internalizing behaviors. Path analyses were utilized to assess the influence of caregivers' racist experiences and ERS practices on children's first grade internalizing behaviors after controlling for kindergarten levels. Results: Cultural socialization was not a significant protective factor as hypothesized. However, caregivers' past-year experiences with racism predicted more anxious and sad behaviors in children when caregivers reported using more preparation for bias. Conclusions: The effects of caregivers' racism experiences on their 6-year-old children's internalizing behaviors were contingent on their use of preparation for bias socialization. This study adds to the literature on racism and further elucidates the role preparation for discrimination plays in developmental outcomes for young African American children. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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非裔美国家庭中的种族主义和偏见的准备。


目标：看护者遭受的种族主义会对儿童的发育结果构成威胁。目前的研究探讨了照顾者经历的种族主义对非裔美国儿童在种族意识发展的敏感时期内化行为发展的影响。护理人员提供的种族种族社会化（ERS）的两个方面，即文化社会化和偏见准备，被作为调节因素进行评估。根据先前研究的支持，文化社会化被假设具有保护性。鉴于有关幼儿期偏见准备的研究很少或没有结论，因此没有针对偏见准备的调节作用制定方向性假设。方法：社区招募的 130 名非裔美国护理人员及其子女（T3 Mage = 6.20，T4 Mage = 7.17）为低收入样本，报告了过去一年的种族主义、ERS 做法和儿童内化行为的经历。在控制幼儿园水平后，利用路径分析来评估看护者的种族主义经历和 ERS ​​实践对儿童一年级内化行为的影响。结果：文化社会化并不是假设的重要保护因素。然而，当照顾者报告为偏见做好更多准备时，照顾者过去一年的种族主义经历预示着儿童会出现更多焦虑和悲伤的行为。结论：看护者的种族主义经历对其 6 岁儿童内化行为的影响取决于他们对偏见社会化的准备情况。这项研究丰富了有关种族主义的文献，并进一步阐明了为歧视做好准备在非洲裔美国儿童的发展结果中所起的作用。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。