BACKGROUND The occurrence of secondary neurodegeneration has exclusively been observed after the first incidence of stroke. In humans and rodents, post-stroke secondary neurodegeneration (SND) is an inevitable event that can lead to progressive neuronal loss at a region distant to initial infarct. SND can lead to cognitive and motor function impairment, finally causing dementia. The exact pathophysiology of the event is yet to be explored. It is seen that the thalami, in particular, are susceptible to cause SND. The reason behind this is because the thalamus functioning as the relay center and is positioned as an interlocked structure with direct synaptic signaling connection with the cortex. As SND proceeds, accumulation of misfolded proteins and microglial activation are seen in the thalamus. This leads to increased neuronal loss and worsening of functional and cognitive impairment. OBJECTIVE There is a necessity of specific interventions to prevent post-stroke SND, which are not properly investigated to date owing to sparsely reproducible pre-clinical and clinical data. The basis of this review is to investigate about post-stroke SND and its updated treatment approaches carefully. METHODS Our article presents a detailed survey of advances in studies on stroke-induced secondary neurodegeneration (SND) and its treatment. RESULTS This article aims to put forward the pathophysiology of SND. We have also tabulated the latest treatment approaches along with different neuroimaging systems that will be helpful for future reference to explore. CONCLUSION In this article, we have reviewed the available reports on SND pathophysiology, detection techniques, and possible treatment modalities that have not been attempted to date.

中文翻译：

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中风诱发的继发性神经退行性变（SND）及其治疗的研究进展。

背景技术继发于第一次中风之后，仅观察到继发性神经变性的发生。在人类和啮齿动物中，中风后继发性神经变性（SND）是不可避免的事件，可导致在距初始梗塞较远的区域进行性神经元丧失。SND可导致认知和运动功能受损，最终导致痴呆。事件的确切病理生理学尚待探讨。可以看出，尤其是海水浴易于引起SND。其背后的原因是因为丘脑起着中继中心的作用，并被定位为具有与皮层直接突触信号连接的互锁结构。随着SND的进行，在丘脑中会看到错误折叠的蛋白质积累和小胶质细胞活化。这导致神经元损失增加以及功能和认知障碍恶化。目的有必要采取特殊措施预防中风后SND，由于缺乏可重复的临床前和临床数据，迄今为止尚未进行适当的研究。这篇综述的基础是仔细研究卒中后SND及其更新的治疗方法。方法我们的文章详细介绍了中风诱发的继发性神经变性（SND）及其治疗的研究进展。结果本文旨在提出SND的病理生理。我们还列出了最新的治疗方法以及不同的神经成像系统，这将有助于以后的探索。结论在本文中，我们回顾了有关SND病理生理的现有报告，