Background: Probiotics can be used for the treatment of viral gastroenteritis.

Objective: This systematic review is to evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of probiotics on human cases of viral gastroenteritis.

Methods: The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics against placebo or standard treatment for viral gastroenteritis. A comprehensive search of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE via PubMed and Ovid databases, and unpublished studies (till 27 January 2018) was conducted followed by a process of study selection and critical appraisal by two independent reviewers. Randomized controlled trials assessing probiotic administration in human subjects infected with any species of gastroenteritis viruses were considered for inclusion. Only studies with a confirmed viral cause of infection were included. This study was developed using the JBI methodology for systematic reviews, which is in accordance with the PRISMA guideline. Meta-analysis was conducted where feasible. Data were pooled using the inverse variance method with random effects models and expressed as Mean Differences (MDs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran Q statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. We included 17 RCTs, containing 3,082 patients.

Results: Probiotics can improve symptoms of viral gastroenteritis, including the duration of diarrhea (mean difference 0.7 days, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.09 days, n = 740, ten trials) and duration of hospitalization (mean difference 0.76 days, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.92 days, n = 329, four trials).

Conclusion: The results of this review show that the administration of probiotics in patients with viral gastroenteritis should be considered.

背景：益生菌可用于治疗病毒性肠胃炎。

目的：本系统综述旨在评估有关益生菌对人类病毒性肠胃炎病例的影响的证据。

方法：本综述的目的是评估益生菌对安慰剂或病毒性肠胃炎的标准治疗的有效性。通过PubMed和Ovid数据库对Cochrane图书馆，EMBASE，MEDLINE进行了全面搜索，并进行了未发表的研究（至2018年1月27日），随后由两名独立的审阅者进行了研究选择和关键评估的过程。随机对照试验评估了益生菌在感染了任何种类肠胃炎病毒的人类受试者中的使用情况。仅包括具有确定的病毒感染原因的研究。该研究是使用JBI方法进行系统评价的，该方法符合PRISMA指南。在可行的情况下进行荟萃分析。使用具有随机效应模型的逆方差方法合并数据，并表示为具有95％置信区间（CI）的均值差（MD）。异质性通过Cochran Q统计评估，并通过I2统计量化。我们纳入了17项RCT，共3,082名患者。

结果：益生菌可以改善病毒性肠胃炎的症状，包括腹泻持续时间（平均差异0.7天，95％CI 0.31至1.09天，n = 740，十次试验）和住院时间（平均差异0.76天，95％CI 0.61）。至0.92天，n = 329，四次试验）。

结论：本评价结果表明病毒性胃肠炎患者应考虑服用益生菌。