Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical devices, e.g. implants, due to its biocompatibility and osseointegration ability. In fact, fungal (Candida spp.) infection has been identified as one of the key reasons causing the failure of the device that is inevitable and impactful to the society. Thus, this study evaluated the surface morphology, surface chemical composition and Candida albicans adhesion on specimens of 16 binary Ti-alloys (∼5 wt% of any one of the alloy elements: Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mn, Mo, Nb, Pd, Pt, Sn, V and Zr) compared with cp-Ti, targeting to seek for the binary Ti-alloys which has the lowest C. albicans infection. Candida albicans cultures were grown on the specimens for 48 h, and colony forming units (CFUs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to evaluate the biofilm formation ability. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of C. albicans biofilm on all specimens' surfaces, such that CFU results showed Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have less C. albicans formed on the surfaces than cp-Ti. RT-PCR showed Ti-Zr and Ti-Cu have significantly higher C. albicans DNA concentrations than Ti-Al and Ti-V (P < 0.05), whereas Ti-Cu has even showed a statistically higher concentration than Ti-Au, Ti-Co, Ti-In and Ti-Pt (P < 0.05). This study confirmed that Ti-Mo, Ti-Zr, Ti-Al and Ti-V have lower the occurrence of C. albicans which might be clinically advantageous for medical devices, but Ti-Cu should be used in caution.

中文翻译：

---

用于生物医学应用的二元钛合金的白色念珠菌方面。


钛及其合金由于其生物相容性和骨整合能力而广泛应用于生物医学设备，例如植入物。事实上，真菌（念珠菌）感染已被确定为导致设备故障的关键原因之一，这种故障是不可避免的并对社会产生影响。因此，本研究评估了 16 种二元钛合金（Ag、Al、Au、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe 中任意一种合金元素的重量百分比约为 5%）样本上的表面形态、表面化学成分和白色念珠菌粘附情况。 、In、Mn、Mo、Nb、Pd、Pt、Sn、V和Zr）与cp-Ti进行比较，旨在寻找白色念珠菌感染率最低的二元钛合金。白色念珠菌培养物在标本上生长48小时，并使用菌落形成单位（CFU）和实时聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）评估生物膜形成能力。扫描电镜和共焦激光扫描显微镜证实所有标本表面均形成了白色念珠菌生物膜，CFU结果显示Ti-Mo、Ti-Zr、Ti-Al和Ti-V的表面形成的白色念珠菌较少。表面优于 cp-Ti。 RT-PCR 显示 Ti-Zr 和 Ti-Cu 的白色念珠菌 DNA 浓度显着高于 Ti-Al 和 Ti-V (P < 0.05)，而 Ti-Cu 的浓度甚至高于 Ti-Au、Ti -Co、Ti-In 和 Ti-Pt (P < 0.05)。这项研究证实Ti-Mo、Ti-Zr、Ti-Al和Ti-V的白色念珠菌发生率较低，这可能对医疗器械具有临床优势，但Ti-Cu应谨慎使用。