The preparation of medicinally promising spiro1,4–dihydropyridines accompanied by their applications in biological and pharmaceutical activities is presented. Spiro1,4–dihydropyridines were synthesized using numerous reported methods including bronested acids such as p-TSA, AcOH, nano-ranged calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, PEG-OSO3H, tetramethylguanidinium triflate; lewis acids including Zn(OTf)2, FeCl3, copper, alum, aluminosilicate nanoparticles, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, manganese ferrite nanoparticles, BF3OEt2; under alkaline conditions such as Et3N and piperidine; ionic liquids such as [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] and [Bmim]PF6, [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]; and other miscellaneous procedures, for example, microwave-assisted catalyst and solvent-free conditions, using iodine, PEG-400, and NaCl.

介绍了具有医学前景的spiro1,4-二氢吡啶类化合物的制备及其在生物学和药物活性中的应用。使用许多报道的方法合成了Spiro1,4-二氢吡啶，包括诸如p-TSA，AcOH，纳米范围的杯[4]芳烃四羧酸，氨基磺酸，PEG-OSO3H，三氟甲磺酸四甲基胍等古铜酸。路易斯酸包括Zn（OTf）2，FeCl 3，铜，明矾，铝硅酸盐纳米颗粒，MnFe 2 O 4纳米颗粒，锰铁氧体纳米颗粒，BF 3 OEt 2；在碱性条件下，例如Et3N和哌啶；离子液体，例如[KAl（SO4）2·12H2O]和[Bmim] PF6，[MIM（CH2）4SO3H] [HSO4]；以及其他各种程序，例如使用碘，PEG-400和NaCl的微波辅助催化剂和无溶剂条件。