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Factors associated with post-stroke apathy in subacute stroke patients
Psychogeriatrics ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-08 , DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12551
Daisuke Ito 1, 2 , Tomoya Tanaka 2 , Yota Kunieda 2 , Yosuke Kimura 2 , Daisuke Ishiyama 2 , Naohito Nishio 2 , Yuhei Otobe 2 , Shingo Koyama 2 , Shunsuke Ohji 2 , Mizue Suzuki 2 , Takeo Ichikawa 2 , Hideyuki Ogawa 2 , Yuya Narita 1, 2 , Taiki Yoshida 1 , Minoru Yamada 2 , Kunitsugu Kondo 1
Affiliation  

Post-stroke apathy (PSA) leads to worse rehabilitation outcomes in stroke patients. A previous study presented the robust factors for PSA are depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment; however, rehabilitation is difficult with these symptoms. Conversely, the relationship between PSA and physical activity, which is the representative variable factor, is not well established. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with PSA in subacute stroke patients, including physical activity. This cross-sectional observational study included post-stroke patients admitted to Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital between January and October 2018. The inclusion criteria were first-ever stroke. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) cognitive impairment (MiniMental State Examination (MMSE) score < 24 points); (ii) inability to complete the questionnaires due to severe cognitive disturbance; (iii) pre-stroke history of dementia or mental illness; (iv) subarachnoid haemorrhage; (v) inability to walk independently during hospitalisation, even with a walking aid and/or brace. At the time of discharge from convalescent rehabilitation wards, PSA, depressive symptoms, and physical activity were assessed with the Apathy Scale (AS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and a pedometer, respectively. In addition, demographic information and clinical measures including Functional Independence Measure (FIM), MMSE, motor function of Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS-m), and physical functions (gait speed, balance ability, upper muscle strength) were evaluated. We classified the participants into an apathy group (AS score ≥ 16) and a non-apathy group (AS score < 16) as in a previous study. Patient characteristics were compared between groups using the Chisquare test, unpaired t-test, or Mann–Whitney U-test as appropriate. To assess the factors affecting PSA, we used a stepwise logistic regression analysis with forward selection to determine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate which of the 10 measurements (age (≥ 65 or <65 years), gender, stroke type (infarction or not), SDS, MMSE, motor-FIM, cognitive-FIM, SIAS-m upper extremity, SIAS-m lower extremity, and daily step count (per 1000 steps)) were independently associated with PSA. A total of 60 participants were enrolled in this study. The characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1. There were 20 (33.3%) and 40 (66.6%) participants in the apathy and the nonapathy group, respectively. The participants with PSA were significantly older, were more likely to have cerebral infarction, and had significantly higher SDS scores and lower daily step counts than those without PSA (P < 0.05). In the results of the logistic regression analysis with stepwise forward selection to investigate the factors associated with the presence of PSA at discharge, the only selected factor was the daily step count (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.53–0.91; P = 0.008). The current study revealed that physical activity was significantly associated with PSA in subacute stroke patients. A previous meta-analysis indicates several factors influence to PSA, such as age, cognitive function, and depression symptoms. Among them, we found only physical activity was related to PSA, but not other related factors. However, the previous study indicated that physical activity is not related to the PSA. It is possible that these differences between the current and previous studies was amount of physical activity; the participants in our study had relatively better function and higher physical activity compared with the participants of the previous study. This is the first study to demonstrate the relationship between PSA and physical activity in subacute stroke patients on multivariate analysis. However, this study had several limitations, such as not using imaging devices and not collecting demographic data, including smoking and drinking status. Thus, a larger and detailed longitudinal study and

中文翻译:

亚急性脑卒中患者脑卒中后冷漠的相关因素

中风后冷漠 (PSA) 会导致中风患者更差的康复结果。之前的一项研究提出了 PSA 的重要因素是抑郁症状和认知障碍;然而,这些症状很难康复。相反,PSA 与作为代表性变量因素的身体活动之间的关系尚未确定。本研究旨在确定与亚急性卒中患者 PSA 相关的因素,包括体力活动。这项横断面观察性研究包括在 2018 年 1 月至 10 月期间入住东京湾康复医院的中风后患者。纳入标准是首次中风。排除标准如下:(i)认知障碍(简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分<24分);(ii) 由于严重的认知障碍而无法完成问卷;(iii) 痴呆或精神疾病的中风前病史;(iv) 蛛网膜下腔出血;(v) 住院期间无法独立行走,即使使用助行器和/或支具。从康复病房出院时,分别用冷漠量表(AS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和计步器评估PSA、抑郁症状和体力活动。此外,还评估了人口统计信息和临床指标,包括功能独立性测量 (FIM)、MMSE、中风损伤评估集 (SIAS-m) 的运动功能和身体功能(步态速度、平衡能力、上肢肌肉力量)。与之前的研究一样,我们将参与者分为冷漠组(AS 评分≥ 16)和非冷漠组(AS 评分 < 16)。使用卡方检验、非配对 t 检验或 Mann-Whitney U 检验(视情况而定)比较组间患者特征。为了评估影响 PSA 的因素,我们使用带有前向选择的逐步逻辑回归分析来确定优势比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。进行逐步逻辑回归分析以调查 10 个测量值中的哪一个(年龄(≥ 65 岁或 <65 岁)、性别、中风类型(梗死与否)、SDS、MMSE、运动-FIM、认知-FIM、SIAS-m 上下肢、SIAS-m 和每日步数(每 1000 步))与 PSA 独立相关。共有 60 名参与者参加了这项研究。研究参与者的特征见表 1。冷漠组和非冷漠组分别有 20 (33.3%) 和 40 (66.6%) 名参与者。与没有 PSA 的参与者相比,有 PSA 的参与者年龄显着更大,更容易患脑梗塞,并且 SDS 评分显着更高,每日步数更低(P < 0.05)。在逐步向前选择的逻辑回归分析结果中,调查与出院时存在 PSA 相关的因素时,唯一选择的因素是每日步数(OR 0.69;95% CI 0.53–0.91;P = 0.008)。目前的研究表明,体力活动与亚急性卒中患者的 PSA 显着相关。先前的荟萃分析表明有几个因素会影响 PSA,例如年龄、认知功能、和抑郁症状。其中,我们发现只有体力活动与PSA有关,而与其他相关因素无关。然而,之前的研究表明,身体活动与 PSA 无关。当前和以前的研究之间的这些差异可能是身体活动量;与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 我们发现只有体力活动与 PSA 相关,而与其他相关因素无关。然而,之前的研究表明,身体活动与 PSA 无关。当前和以前的研究之间的这些差异可能是身体活动量;与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 我们发现只有体力活动与 PSA 相关,而与其他相关因素无关。然而,之前的研究表明,身体活动与 PSA 无关。当前和以前的研究之间的这些差异可能是身体活动量;与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 之前的研究表明,身体活动与 PSA 无关。当前和以前的研究之间的这些差异可能是身体活动量;与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 之前的研究表明,身体活动与 PSA 无关。当前和以前的研究之间的这些差异可能是身体活动量;与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 与之前研究的参与者相比,我们研究的参与者具有相对更好的功能和更高的体力活动。这是第一项通过多变量分析证明 PSA 与亚急性卒中患者身体活动之间关系的研究。然而,这项研究有几个局限性,例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和 例如不使用成像设备和不收集人口统计数据,包括吸​​烟和饮酒状况。因此,更大更详细的纵向研究和
更新日期:2020-04-08
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