In Nature, species coexistence is much more frequent than what the classical competition model predicts, so that scientists look for mechanisms that explain such a coexistence. We revisit the classical competition model assuming that individuals invest time in competing individuals of the other species. This assumption extends the classical competition model (that becomes a particular case of the model presented) under the form of a Holling type II term, that we call competitive response to interfering time. The resulting model expands the outcomes allowed by the classical model by (i) enlarging the range of parameter values that allow coexistence scenarios and (ii) displaying dynamical scenarios not allowed by the classical model: namely, bi-stable conditional coexistence in favour of i (either species coexist or species i wins) or tri-stable conditional coexistence (either species coexist or any of them goes extinct), being exclusion in both cases due to priority effects.

中文翻译：

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具有Holling II型竞争对干扰时间的响应的竞争模型。

在《自然》杂志中，物种共存比经典竞争模型所预测的要频繁得多，因此科学家们正在寻找能够解释这种共存的机制。我们假设个人在其他物种的竞争个体上投入时间，那么我们将重新审视经典竞争模型。该假设以Holling II类术语的形式扩展了经典竞争模型（这成为所表示模型的一个特殊情况），我们称其为对时间的竞争响应。所得模型通过（i）扩大允许共存场景的参数值的范围和（ii）显示经典模型不允许的动态场景来扩展经典模型所允许的结果：