Introduction: From its earliest days, the US. military has embraced the use of vaccines to fight infectious diseases. The Army Liposome Formulation (ALF) has been a pivotal innovation as a vaccine adjuvant that provides excellent safety and potency and could lead to dual-use military and civilian benefits. For protection of personnel against difficult disease threats found in many areas of the world, Army vaccine scientists have created novel liposome-based vaccine adjuvants.Areas covered: ALF consists of liposomes containing saturated phospholipids, cholesterol, and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) as an immunostimulant. ALF exhibited safety and strong potency in many vaccine clinical trials. Improvements based on ALF include: ALF adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (ALFA); ALF containing QS21 saponin (ALFQ); and ALFQ adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide (ALFQA). Preclinical safety and efficacy studies with ALF, LFA, ALFQ, and ALFQA are discussed in preparation for upcoming vaccine trials targeting malaria, HIV-1, bacterial diarrhea, and opioid addiction.Expert opinion: The introduction of ALF in the 1980s stimulated commercial interest in vaccines to infectious diseases, and therapeutic vaccines to cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. It is likely that ALF, ALFA, and ALFQ, will provide momentum for new types of modern vaccines with improved efficacy and safety.

中文翻译：

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陆军脂质体配方 (ALF) 疫苗佐剂系列。


简介： 美国自成立以来。军方已接受使用疫苗来对抗传染病。陆军脂质体配方（ALF）作为疫苗佐剂是一项关键的创新，具有出色的安全性和效力，可带来军事和民用双重用途的好处。为了保护人员免受世界许多地区发现的疑难疾病威胁，陆军疫苗科学家发明了新型脂质体疫苗佐剂。 涵盖领域： ALF 由含有饱和磷脂、胆固醇和单磷酰脂 A (MPLA) 的脂质体组成，作为免疫增强剂。 ALF在许多疫苗临床试验中表现出安全性和强大的效力。基于ALF的改进包括： ALF吸附氢氧化铝（ALFA）； ALF含有QS21皂苷（ALFQ）；和吸附到氢氧化铝上的ALFQ（ALFQA）。讨论了 ALF、LFA、ALFQ 和 ALFQA 的临床前安全性和有效性研究，为即将到来的针对疟疾、HIV-1、细菌性腹泻和阿片类药物成瘾的疫苗试验做准备。专家意见：20 世纪 80 年代 ALF 的引入激发了商业兴趣传染病疫苗以及癌症和阿尔茨海默病的治疗性疫苗。 ALF、ALFA 和 ALFQ 很可能将为新型现代疫苗提供动力，提高功效和安全性。