Abstract The occurrence of pharmaceutical products (PPs) within environmental compartments challenges the scientific community and water treatment operators to find suitable and practicable removal solutions. Clay minerals are among the oldest and cheapest adsorbents used for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants. However, despite their significant adsorption properties, little is known about their potential to remove organic contaminants such as pharmaceutical products from wastewater effluents. Hence, based on the latest published articles this review aims to standardize the adsorption properties of clay minerals for the removal of PPs. Specifically, the charge state of PPs appears to play a key role in their adsorption mechanism. In order to overcome the limitations of batch experiments (i.e. idealized solutions, static conditions) and design of a field solution, the impact of external parameters on the adsorption capacities of clay minerals is reviewed. The effect of thermal treatment and acid activation of clay minerals is also assessed in order to better understand the consequences of such modifications on the adsorption properties of clay-based adsorbents. Finally, even if most authors agree on the potential of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of PPs from wastewater, there remain significant gaps in the existing literature that need to be filled, with the aim of forecasting the real potential of clay-based treatment for the removal of pharmaceutical products at industrial scale. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

中文翻译：

---

用于从水溶液中去除药物产品的原料和改性粘土和粘土矿物：现有技术和未来前景

摘要 环境隔间内出现药物产品 (PP) 对科学界和水处理运营商提出了挑战，以寻找合适且可行的去除解决方案。粘土矿物是用于去除有机和无机污染物的最古老、最便宜的吸附剂之一。然而，尽管它们具有显着的吸附特性，但人们对其从废水中去除有机污染物（如医药产品）的潜力知之甚少。因此，基于最新发表的文章，本综述旨在标准化粘土矿物的吸附特性，以去除 PP。具体而言，PP 的电荷状态似乎在其吸附机制中起关键作用。为了克服批量实验的局限性（即理想化的解决方案，静态条件）和现场解决方案的设计，审查了外部参数对粘土矿物吸附能力的影响。还评估了粘土矿物的热处理和酸活化的效果，以更好地了解此类改性对粘土基吸附剂吸附性能的影响。最后，即使大多数作者都同意基于粘土的吸附剂从废水中去除 PP 的潜力，但现有文献中仍然存在需要填补的重大空白，目的是预测基于粘土的处理的真正潜力用于以工业规模去除医药产品。图形概要 还评估了粘土矿物的热处理和酸活化的效果，以更好地了解此类改性对粘土基吸附剂吸附性能的影响。最后，即使大多数作者都同意基于粘土的吸附剂从废水中去除 PP 的潜力，但现有文献中仍然存在需要填补的重大空白，目的是预测基于粘土的处理的真正潜力用于以工业规模去除医药产品。图形概要 还评估了粘土矿物的热处理和酸活化的效果，以更好地了解此类改性对粘土基吸附剂吸附性能的影响。最后，即使大多数作者都同意基于粘土的吸附剂从废水中去除 PP 的潜力，但现有文献中仍然存在需要填补的重大空白，目的是预测基于粘土的处理的真正潜力用于以工业规模去除医药产品。图形概要 现有文献中仍然存在需要填补的重大空白，目的是预测基于粘土的处理在工业规模去除医药产品的真正潜力。图形概要 现有文献中仍然存在需要填补的重大空白，目的是预测基于粘土的处理在工业规模去除医药产品的真正潜力。图形概要