The aim of the research focuses on reconstructing diet of the seventeenth–eighteenth century Basilian monks who were buried in the crypt beneath the Holy Trinity Uniate Church in Vilnius, Lithuania. For this aim, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope analyses of human bone collagen samples (n = 74, of which 39 yielded reliable isotopic data) were performed. In order to establish the isotopic dietary baseline for the Basilian monks, we sampled faunal bones (n = 47, of which 34 yielded reliable isotopic data) recovered during archaeological investigations in the area around the Vilnius Lower Castle and the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania. Faunal samples were comprised of various domestic and wild terrestrial animals, freshwater and anadromous fish, and migratory and non-migratory birds. In total, 121 human and faunal samples were analysed. The isotopic data collected in our study suggest that C₃ plant and domestic animal products were the main components in the diets of the Basilian monks, while freshwater fish played a noticeable, yet a much smaller dietary role. However, historical sources describe a reverse dietary picture, i.e. a higher dietary contribution from fish and a lower from animal products. The potential reasons for this incongruity between isotopic and historical dietary evidence were also explored. Finally, the isotopic data of the Basilian monks were compared with that of contemporary Lithuanian nobles and commoners. The comparisons indicate that monastic dietary patterns were more similar to those of the nobility than those of the commoners.

中文翻译：

---

僧侣的同位素饮食模式：立陶宛维尔纽斯17世纪至18世纪Basilian修道院社区的稳定同位素分析结果

该研究的目的是重建埋葬在立陶宛维尔纽斯圣三一大学教堂下的地下墓穴中的十七至十八世纪巴西勒修士的饮食。对于这个目的，稳定的碳（δ ¹³ C）和氮（δ ¹⁵ N）同位素人骨胶原样品的分析（Ñ  = 74，其中39得到可靠的同位素数据）进行。为了建立巴西勒修士的同位素饮食基线，我们对动物骨骼进行了采样（n = 47，其中34个产生了可靠的同位素数据）是在考古研究期间在维尔纽斯下城堡和立陶宛大公国宫附近地区恢复的。动物样本包括各种家养和野生陆生动物，淡水和无水鱼类，以及迁徙和非迁徙鸟类。总共分析了121个人类和动物样本。我们研究中收集到的同位素数据表明C ₃植物和家畜产品是巴西勒修士饮食中的主要成分，而淡水鱼在饮食中起着明显作用，但作用要小得多。但是，历史资料描述的饮食结构却相反，即鱼类的饮食贡献较高，而动物产品的饮食贡献较低。还探讨了同位素与历史饮食证据之间不一致的潜在原因。最后，将巴西和尚的同位素数据与当代立陶宛贵族和平民的同位素数据进行了比较。比较表明，修道院的饮食方式与贵族的饮食方式比普通人的饮食方式更为相似。