Turions are vegetative, dormant overwintering storage organs produced by perennial aquatic plants in autumn. They are storage organs for non-structural carbohydrates and also mineral substances (N, P). Contents of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids), storage carbohydrates (starch and five free sugars) and of mineral nutrients (N, P) were estimated in mature autumnal turions of 21 aquatic species from three different ecological groups and eight families; carbohydrates were also measured in the turions of eight species after an overwintering outdoors or in a refrigerator for 4-5 months. The mean turion N and P content was slightly higher than that reported in leaves or shoots of submerged aquatic plants. Assuming effective reutilization, >54% of the total N and >70% of the total P amount in mature turions could be theoretically allocated to newly sprouting shoots. The chlorophyll a+b contents in turions were the same to 2-6 times lower than those in adult leaves/shoots of submerged plants, but they ensure very high photosynthetic rates in sprouting turions. Starch and free sugars (total non-structural carbohydrates, TNC) created the main reserve substances in mature turions with variable ratios in different species. In mature turions, only TNC was significantly different between the rooted/unrooted species after application of a phylogenetic correction; the variability of other biochemical parameters has rather a taxonomic background. About 20% of the autumnal TNC content in turions declined over winter but the rest is available to support turion germination and sprouting. However, what is the minimal TNC pool remains unknown.

假种皮是由多年生水生植物在秋季产生的营养，休眠的越冬储藏器官。它们是非结构性碳水化合物以及矿物质（N，P）的储存器官。光合色素（叶绿素a和b）的含量在三个不同生态组和8个科的21种水生物种的成熟秋季变体中，估计了类胡萝卜素，储存的碳水化合物（淀粉和五个游离糖）和矿物质营养素（氮，磷）；在户外越冬或在冰箱中放置4-5个月后，还测量了8种动物的扭体中的碳水化合物。淹没后的水生植物叶片或茎中的平均总氮和磷含量略高。假设有效的再利用，成熟的变种中总氮的> 54％和总磷的> 70％可以理论上分配给新芽。叶绿素a + b变种中的含量比淹没植物的成年叶片/嫩芽中的含量低2-6倍，但是它们可以确保发芽中的变种具有很高的光合速率。淀粉和游离糖（总非结构性碳水化合物，TNC）在成熟的变种中以不同物种中的比率产生了主要的储备物质。在成熟的变种中，应用系统发育校正后，只有TNC在生根/未生根的物种之间存在显着差异。其他生化参数的可变性具有相当的分类学背景。秋季，秋千中TNC中秋季TNC的含量下降了20％，但其余部分可用于支持秋千的发芽和发芽。但是，最小的TNC池是什么仍然未知。