Trypanosoma brucei colonizes the tsetse gut via an immature peritrophic matrix in the proventriculus.,Nature Microbiology

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Trypanosoma brucei colonizes the tsetse gut via an immature peritrophic matrix in the proventriculus.
Nature Microbiology ( IF 20.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 , DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0707-z
Clair Rose ₁ , Aitor Casas-Sánchez ₁ , Naomi A Dyer ₁ , Carla Solórzano ₂ , Alison J Beckett ₃ , Ben Middlehurst ₃ , Marco Marcello ₄ , Lee R Haines ₁ , Jaime Lisack ₅ , Markus Engstler ₅ , Michael J Lehane ₁ , Ian A Prior _{3,

6} , Álvaro Acosta-Serrano ₁

Affiliation

The peritrophic matrix of blood-feeding insects is a chitinous structure that forms a protective barrier against oral pathogens and abrasive particles1. Tsetse flies transmit Trypanosoma brucei, which is the parasite that causes human sleeping sickness and is also partially responsible for animal trypanosomiasis in Sub-Saharan Africa. For this parasite to establish an infection in flies, it must first colonize the area between the peritrophic matrix and gut epithelium called the ectoperitrophic space. Although unproven, it is generally accepted that trypanosomes reach the ectoperitrophic space by penetrating the peritrophic matrix in the anterior midgut2-4. Here, we revisited this event using fluorescence- and electron-microscopy methodologies. We show that trypanosomes penetrate the ectoperitrophic space in which the newly made peritrophic matrix is synthesized by the proventriculus. Our model describes how these proventriculus-colonizing parasites can either migrate to the ectoperitrophic space or become trapped within peritrophic matrix layers to form cyst-like bodies that are passively pushed along the gut as the matrix gets remodelled. Furthermore, early proventricular colonization seems to be promoted by factors in trypanosome-infected blood that cause higher salivary gland infections and potentially increase parasite transmission.

中文翻译：

布氏锥虫通过腺胃中未成熟的周围营养基质定殖采采蝇肠道。

吸血昆虫的周围营养基质是一种几丁质结构，可形成针对口腔病原体和磨料颗粒的保护屏障。采采蝇传播布氏锥虫，这是一种导致人类昏睡病的寄生虫，也是撒哈拉以南非洲动物锥虫病的部分原因。为了使这种寄生虫感染苍蝇，它必须首先定殖在周围营养基质和肠道上皮之间的区域，称为外营养空间。虽然未经证实，但普遍认为锥虫通过穿透前中肠 2-4 的围营养基质到达外营养空间。在这里，我们使用荧光和电子显微镜方法重新审视了这一事件。我们表明锥虫可以穿透外周营养空间，在该空间中，新制造的外营养基质由腺胃合成。我们的模型描述了这些原胃定植寄生虫如何迁移到外营养空间或被困在围营养基质层中，形成囊状体，当基质被重塑时，它们会沿着肠道被动地推动。此外，锥虫感染的血液中的因素似乎促进了早期的室前定植，这些因素会导致更高的唾液腺感染并可能增加寄生虫传播。我们的模型描述了这些原胃定植寄生虫如何迁移到外营养空间或被困在围营养基质层中，形成囊状体，当基质被重塑时，它们会沿着肠道被动地推动。此外，锥虫感染的血液中的因素似乎促进了早期的室前定植，这些因素会导致更高的唾液腺感染并可能增加寄生虫传播。我们的模型描述了这些原胃定植寄生虫如何迁移到外营养空间或被困在围营养基质层中，形成囊状体，当基质被重塑时，它们会沿着肠道被动地推动。此外，锥虫感染的血液中的因素似乎促进了早期的室前定植，这些因素会导致更高的唾液腺感染并可能增加寄生虫传播。

更新日期：2020-04-24

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