Exhausted and dysfunctional T cells triggered by infection and cancer render the immune system unable to eliminate these pathogens. Pharmacologic blockade of the surface receptors that inhibit T-cell function has shown remarkable success in patients with various malignancies. In this Review, we discuss the emerging evidence of inhibiting checkpoint pathways as a potential role in controlling or clearing infectious diseases. Though interesting tendencies, much work is still needed in order to develop safe strategies that can be translated into clinically relevant outcomes in patients with infections.

中文翻译：

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感染中的程序性细胞死亡蛋白1（PD-1）。

感染和癌症引发的精疲力竭的T细胞功能异常，使免疫系统无法消除这些病原体。抑制T细胞功能的表面受体的药理作用已在各种恶性肿瘤患者中取得了显著成功。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了抑制检查点途径作为控制或清除传染病的潜在作用的新兴证据。尽管有有趣的趋势，但仍需要大量工作来制定安全策略，将其转化为感染患者的临床相关结局。